Clean README and enhanced install instructions for protobuf in Docu

[PhRosenberger]

Reference to a related issue in the repository

Relates to

• Windows installation guide link error 404 #717
• Problems with dynamic linking #592
• File already exists in database (Windows) osi-sensor-model-packaging#87
• Add detailed explanation and solution suggestions for static linking osi-documentation#64

Add a description

We need better install instructions for static / dynamic linking, so this PR should enhance the README for this.
More explanation should then follow in the OSI documentation, I guess?

Take this checklist as orientation for yourself, if this PR is ready for the Change Control Board:

• My suggestion follows the style and contributors guidelines.
• I have taken care about the message documentation and the fields and enums documentation.
• I have done the DCO signoff.
• My changes generate no errors when passing CI tests.
• I have successfully implemented and tested my fix/feature locally.
• Appropriate reviewer(s) are assigned.

[jdsika]

Use placeholder for version

[PhRosenberger]

@pmai, could you please provide the further details on proper linker flags in addition to the instructions in the new file installing_prerequisites.adoc?

[PhRosenberger]

@philipwindecker Thanks a lot for your support with documentation references and your review!

[philipwindecker]

Review done. I would recommend using description lists instead of bold formatting because they provide more consistent styling. See https://docs.asciidoctor.org/asciidoc/latest/lists/description/
https://docs.asciidoctor.org/asciidoc/latest/lists/horizontal/

Alternatively, using subsections (level 2 i.e. ===) would help with automatically creating anchors and entries in the toc.

[pmai]

CCB 2023-05-22: Merge as-is, conflicts to be resolved @pmai

Changes have been performed as requested