Setup Raspberry-pi 3B+

1. Turn on SSH with Pi Server

Enable SSH using the raspi-config too

sudo raspi-config

Use systemctl to Enable SSH

sudo systemctl enable ssh
sudo systemctl start ssh

Check Raspberry Pi’s local IP address

hostname -I

Connect via SSH

ssh pi@[raspberrypi_ip_address]

2. Increasing Swap on a Raspberry Pi

Stop the operating system from using the current swap file

sudo dphys-swapfile swapoff

Modify the swap file configuration file

sudo nano /etc/dphys-swapfile

Increase our swap size to 2GB

CONF_SWAPSIZE=2048

Re-initialize the Raspberry Pi’s swap file

sudo dphys-swapfile setup

Start the operating systems swap system

sudo dphys-swapfile swapon

Reboot

sudo reboot

3. Installing Docker

Upgrade all existing packages

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Download and run the official Docker setup script

curl -sSL https://get.docker.com | sh

Add current user to the docker group.

sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

Log out

logout

Verify that the docker group

groups

Test docker working

docker run hello-world

4. Installing Docker compose

Upgrade all existing packages

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Install Docker Compose

sudo apt install docker-compose -y

Confirm Docker Compose Version

docker-compose version

Test Docker Compose

sudo docker compose up -d

Remove Docker Compose

sudo apt remove --autoremove docker-compose

5. Installing Portainer

Upgrade all existing packages

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Portainer is available as a Docker container on the official Docker hub

sudo docker pull portainer/portainer-ce:latest

Start up Portainer

sudo docker run -d -p 9000:9000 --name=portainer --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -v portainer_data:/data portainer/portainer-ce:latest

Check Raspberry Pi’s local IP address

hostname -I

Aaccess Portainer

http://[PIIPADDRESS]:9000

6. Installing OpenMediaVault

Upgrade all existing packages

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Download the OpenMediaVault install script and pipe it directly through to bash

wget -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OpenMediaVault-Plugin-Developers/installScript/master/install | sudo bash

Restart Raspberry Pi

sudo reboot

Check Raspberry Pi’s local IP address

hostname -I

Aaccess Portainer

http://[PIIPADDRESS]:80

7. Set DDNS Google with API Python Script

Create file setddns.py

nano setddns.py

Copy code

#!/usr/bin/python3
import requests
import logging
import time
from urllib.request import urlopen

logging.basicConfig(filename='ddns.log', level=logging.DEBUG, filemode='a', format='%(asctime)s - %(message)s')

username = 'youruserddns'
password = 'yourpasswordddns'
hostname = 'subdomain.yourdomain.com'
old_ip = ''

while True:
	try:
		my_ip = urlopen('https://domains.google.com/checkip').read() 
	except:
		logging.debug('CATCHED AN ERROR... RETRYING IN 10 SECONDS')
		time.sleep(10)
	else:
		if my_ip != old_ip:
			url = 'https://{}:{}@domains.google.com/nic/update?hostname={}'.format(username, password, hostname)
			response = requests.post(url)
			output = response.content.decode('utf-8')
			if 'good' in output or 'nochg' in output:
				old_ip = my_ip
			logging.debug('-- OUTPUT FOR UPDATE: '+ hostname +' --')
			logging.debug('Response from DDNS update: '+ output)
		time.sleep(10)

Set file setddns.py auto run when start

sudo -i
nano /etc/rc.local

Fix file

#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.

# Print the IP address
_IP=$(hostname -I) || true
if [ "$_IP" ]; then
  printf "My IP address is %s\n" "$_IP"
fi
python3 /path/to/file/setddns.py
exit 0

Reboot

sudo reboot

8. Mount a USB Drive

Filesystem Types

1. NTFS: This file system is developed by Microsoft in the early 90s. All new versions of Windows operating systems will support this file system. Theoretically, NTFS can support hard drives up to just under 16 EB. The individual file size is capped at just under 256 TB, at least in Windows 8 and Windows 10, as well as in some newer Windows Server versions. When it comes to supporting, this file system is universally supported. Although it’s developed by Microsoft, it is supported by most Linux distributions and Mac.
2. EXT4: This file system is developed based on the older Minix filesystem, A file system being used by Linux systems for ages. The higher maximum volume size it supports is 1 EB. That’s, again, a mathematical number. I know all these numbers don’t bother you like many of us. After all, who is going to use such a gigantic drive at home with Raspberry Pi!

List out the connected drives and use ‘print all’ to read the drive information

sudo parted
(parted) print all

Select the drive to partition

Select the drive to format and create new partitions. Type the ‘select’ command with the drive path.

(parted) select /dev/sda

Create a fresh GPT partition table

Create a fresh GPT partition table by typing ‘mklabel gpt’ command. You will get a warning to wipe out all your drive. Type ‘yes’ to continue. Please bear in mind, that it’s just a partition table, not the partitions.

(parted) mklabel gpt

Type ‘print’ to make sure the new GPT partition is created

(parted) print

Create new partitions

Create three partitions on this drive using ‘mkpart’ command: data-nas, and data-all. Type ‘mkpart’ command to create a new partition. It asks four simple questions to create a partition. Your partition will be created upon supplying the answers. Just pay attention to the commands we used to create three partitions. You can create partitions in a single line command as well, as we show in the below screenshot.

(parted) mkpart data-nas ext4 0% 50%
(parted) mkpart data-all ext4 50% 100%

Exit from parted

(parted) q

Format the partitions

You can’t use the partitions until you format them. Let’s use mkfs commands to format the partitions. Different versions of mkfs commends are there to format NTFS and EXT4 file systems. In this command -L specifies the label of the drive, and -Q specifies quick format, which takes the partition name as a parameter. Note: EXT4 doesn’t take -Q as it doesn’t support the quick format.

sudo mkfs.ext4 -L data-nas /dev/sda1
sudo mkfs.ext4 -L data-all /dev/sda2

Reboot the Raspberry Pi

sudo reboot

Remount these partitions under /mnt

Change the directory to /mnt.

cd /mnt

Create two directories named ‘data-nas’ and ‘data-all’ under /mnt.

sudo mkdir data-nas
sudo mkdir data-all

Let’s now give our pi user ownership of this folder by running the command below.

sudo chown -R pi:pi /mnt/data-nas
sudo chown -R pi:pi /mnt/data-all

Mount the partitions using the mount command. Note: This is just a temp mount. It is not going to work after reboot.

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/data-nas
sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/data-all

Do you remember the fstab? It’s a file system table. This is where you can mount a partition forever. Open the /etc/fstab file and see how it looks. You can only see the SD card at this time.

cat /etc/fstab

Take the PARTUUID value of the two partitions

You need to add those two partitions to /etc/fstab to mount permanently. Before that, make a note of PARTUUID value of the two partitions.

sudo blkid

Create a permanent mount

Use your choice of a text editor to edit and add the partition information in the /etc/fstab. You can add the two lines representing each line for a partition. Write this information separated by TAB.

sudo blkid

PARTUUID=VALUE
Mount path
File System
default or default, notime: The word ‘notime’ just tells us to keep track of the access time along with created and modified time.
0
0

Open fstab

sudo nano /etc/fstab

Add the partition information. Examples

PARTUUID=8c8816b4-13d5-4345-8410-85263b3c5891	/mnt/data-gitea	ext4	defaults,noatime	0	0
PARTUUID=6d56b35f-d771-4be0-9ae2-d4faf98e2326	/mnt/data-all	ext4	defaults,noatime	0	0

Reboot the Raspberry Pi

sudo reboot

9. Generating SSH Keys on Linux based systems

Generate SSH Keys

ssh-keygen

View ssh public key

cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub