Add instruction execution limit to prevent infinite loops (TOB-EXECUT…

[lucylq]

JumpFalseCall instructions can set destination_instruction to themselves, creating an infinite loop that hangs the runtime. This adds a configurable instruction counter (default 10M, overridable via -DET_MAX_INSTRUCTIONS) to Method::execute() that returns Error::InvalidState if exceeded.

This PR was authored with the assistance of Claude.

Test plan

Existing tests

cmake -B build -DEXECUTORCH_BUILD_TESTS=ON
cmake --build build --target method_test
ctest --test-dir build -R method_test --output-on-failure

[pytorch-bot]

🔗 Helpful Links

🧪 See artifacts and rendered test results at hud.pytorch.org/pr/pytorch/executorch/18679

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✅ You can merge normally! (3 Unrelated Failures)

As of commit 903067d with merge base ee92757 ():

FLAKY - The following job failed but was likely due to flakiness present on trunk:

• pull / test-llama-runner-qnn-linux (fp32, qnn_16a16w, qnn) / linux-job (gh) (detected as infra flaky with no log or failing log classifier)

BROKEN TRUNK - The following jobs failed but was present on the merge base:

👉 Rebase onto the `viable/strict` branch to avoid these failures

• pull / unittest / windows / windows-job (gh) (trunk failure)
  ##[error]The operation was canceled.
• pull / unittest-editable / windows / windows-job (gh) (trunk failure)
  ##[error]The operation was canceled.

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