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@pertrai1 pertrai1 commented Jan 19, 2026

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • New Features

    • Added LeetCode problem 1065: Binary String With Substrings Representing 1 To N to the Medium Problems collection.
  • Documentation

    • Updated repository statistics: 171 problems solved (77 Medium problems).
    • Added problem documentation including description, examples, and constraints.
    • Introduced Binary & Bit Manipulation subsection for Medium Problems.

✏️ Tip: You can customize this high-level summary in your review settings.

@pertrai1 pertrai1 requested a review from Copilot January 19, 2026 14:19
@pertrai1 pertrai1 added the code challenge this is a coding challenge label Jan 19, 2026
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coderabbitai bot commented Jan 19, 2026

📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

The changes reorganize problem documentation by relocating a README file to a new directory structure, update the repository index to reflect a newly added problem (1065) with a "Binary & Bit Manipulation" subsection, and export a function previously kept internal in the TypeScript implementation file.

Changes

Cohort / File(s) Summary
Documentation Reorganization
1065-binary-string-with-substrings-representing-1-to-n/README.md, leetcode/medium/1065-binary-string-with-substrings-representing-1-to-n/README.md
Deleted problem description file from root location and recreated it under leetcode/medium/ subdirectory with problem statement, examples, and constraints.
Repository Index Update
README.md
Updated LeetCode problem count from 170 to 171 and Medium problems from 76 to 77. Added new "Binary & Bit Manipulation" subsection under Medium Problems and included problem 1065 in the categorized list.
Code Visibility
leetcode/medium/1065-binary-string-with-substrings-representing-1-to-n/binary-string-with-substrings-representing-1-to-n.ts
Added export keyword to queryString function declaration, exposing it as a public API without altering internal logic or behavior.

Estimated code review effort

🎯 2 (Simple) | ⏱️ ~10 minutes

Poem

🐰 A problem found its proper place,
Nested in the medium space,
Documentation moved with care,
Binary strings now shared and fair,
Export keyword shines so bright,
Our warren's knowledge takes its flight! 🚀

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 2 | ❌ 1
❌ Failed checks (1 warning)
Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Docstring Coverage ⚠️ Warning Docstring coverage is 0.00% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
✅ Passed checks (2 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Description Check ✅ Passed Check skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check ✅ Passed The title accurately reflects the main change: adding a LeetCode problem solution for Binary String With Substrings Representing 1 to N, including the problem description, solution code, and integration into the main README.

✏️ Tip: You can configure your own custom pre-merge checks in the settings.

✨ Finishing touches
  • 📝 Generate docstrings
🧪 Generate unit tests (beta)
  • Create PR with unit tests
  • Post copyable unit tests in a comment
  • Commit unit tests in branch leetcode-1192026

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github-actions bot commented Jan 19, 2026

Claude finished @pertrai1's task in 1m 32s —— View job


LeetCode Solution Review: Binary String With Substrings Representing 1 To N


✅ Algorithm Correctness

The solution is correct for small values of n, but has a critical issue with the problem constraints.

What the solution does:

  • Iterates from 1 to n
  • Converts each number to binary using .toString(2)
  • Checks if the binary representation exists as a substring in s
  • Returns false if any number's binary representation is missing

Edge cases handled:

  • ✅ Single digit numbers (n=1)
  • ✅ Powers of 2 (e.g., n=4 → "100")
  • ✅ Empty ranges would work (though n >= 1 per constraints)

Edge cases NOT properly handled:

  • Large values of n (up to 10^9) - This is the critical flaw

⚠️ Complexity Analysis - MAJOR ISSUE

Current Implementation:

  • Time Complexity: O(n × m × k) where:

    • n = the input number (up to 10^9)
    • m = length of string s (up to 1000)
    • k = average binary representation length (log₂(n))

    This simplifies to O(n × m × log n) which is catastrophically slow for large n.

  • Space Complexity: O(log n) for storing each binary string

The Problem:
With n up to 10^9 and s.length up to 1000, this solution will:

  • Iterate 1 billion times
  • Perform 1 billion substring searches
  • Time Limit Exceeded (TLE) on LeetCode for large inputs

Why this matters: The constraint 1 <= n <= 10^9 is a strong hint that O(n) solutions won't work. You need an approach that doesn't iterate through every number.


🔑 Key Insight (The Solution is Missing)

The critical insight: If a binary string s of length L contains all binary representations from 1 to n, then n cannot be very large relative to L.

Here's why:

  • Binary representations get longer as numbers increase
  • A number around 2^k requires k bits
  • If s has length L, it can only contain a limited number of distinct k-bit substrings
  • Key observation: If n > 2^L, it's mathematically impossible (there aren't enough bits)
  • Practical observation: For most cases, we can optimize by checking from large numbers down or by recognizing that n has an upper bound based on s.length

Better approach:
Instead of checking all numbers 1 to n, check if larger numbers (which have longer binary representations) exist. The intuition is:

  1. Longer binary strings are rarer in s
  2. If you can fit all longer strings, smaller ones are more likely to fit
  3. For a string of length 1000, n can't realistically be very large

Optimization: Start from n and work backwards, or start checking from larger values. Once binary representations get long enough (e.g., > 30 bits for a 1000-char string), you can add early termination logic.


📚 Learning Summary

Pattern Used: Brute Force / String Matching

Why this pattern: The solution uses a straightforward brute-force approach - check every number individually. While correct for small inputs, it doesn't leverage mathematical properties of binary representations.

What you should learn from this problem:

  1. Constraint Analysis is Critical: When you see n <= 10^9 but s.length <= 1000, that's a huge red flag that you cannot iterate through all n values.

  2. Mathematical Insight: This problem is actually about understanding the relationship between string length and the number of distinct substrings possible.

  3. Optimization Strategy: Sometimes the optimal solution involves:

    • Checking from largest to smallest (longer strings first)
    • Early termination based on mathematical impossibility
    • Recognizing when constraints make certain inputs impossible

Key Takeaway: The naive solution is a good starting point for understanding the problem, but the constraints tell you it won't scale. Always analyze constraints before implementing!


🎯 Related Problems for Practice

  1. LeetCode 2261 - K Divisible Elements Subarrays - Count distinct subarrays with constraints (similar substring counting pattern)

  2. LeetCode 1044 - Longest Duplicate Substring - Finding substrings with binary search + rolling hash (optimization technique useful here)

  3. LeetCode 187 - Repeated DNA Sequences - Finding all substrings of specific length (similar substring searching)


💡 Alternative Approaches

Approach 1: Optimized Brute Force (What you should do)

function queryString(s: string, n: number): boolean {
  // Early termination: if n is too large for string length, impossible
  if (n >= (1 << s.length)) return false;
  
  // Check larger numbers first (they're more restrictive)
  for (let i = n; i >= 1; i--) {
    if (!s.includes(i.toString(2))) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}

Trade-off: Still O(n) iterations but with early termination for impossible cases

Approach 2: Smart Bounds (Optimal)

function queryString(s: string, n: number): boolean {
  // Key insight: for a string of length L, 
  // you can't represent numbers much larger than 2^(L/2) or so
  // because longer binary strings become too rare
  
  // Optimization: only check numbers that could realistically fit
  const maxCheck = Math.min(n, 2000); // heuristic based on s.length
  
  for (let i = maxCheck; i >= 1; i--) {
    if (!s.includes(i.toString(2))) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  return n <= maxCheck;
}

Trade-off: Practical time improvement, leverages the observation that large n values are impossible for small strings


📋 Code Quality Notes

Strengths:

  • ✅ Clean, readable code
  • ✅ Clear variable names (s, n, str)
  • ✅ Proper use of TypeScript types
  • ✅ Concise implementation

Suggestions:

  • Add a comment explaining the algorithm approach
  • Consider adding early termination logic for large n
  • Could benefit from a complexity analysis comment noting the TLE risk

🎓 Final Verdict

Correctness: ✅ Functionally correct for small inputs
Efficiency: ❌ Will TLE on large inputs (n approaching 10^9)
Code Quality: ✅ Clean and readable
Learning Value: ⭐⭐⭐⭐ Excellent for understanding why constraint analysis matters!

Recommendation: This solution demonstrates understanding of the problem but needs optimization for the given constraints. The next step in your learning journey is to recognize when O(n) isn't fast enough and find the mathematical insight that makes the problem tractable.

Great work on the file organization and solution clarity! 🚀


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github-actions bot commented Jan 19, 2026

🧮 Solution Analysis

PR: LeetCode Binary String With Substrings Representing 1 to N
Files Changed: leetcode/medium/1065-binary-string-with-substrings-representing-1-to-n/binary-string-with-substrings-representing-1-to-n.ts

📊 Code Quality Results

ESLint Analysis

  • Errors: 0
  • Warnings: 0

🔍 Complexity Analysis

💡 Analysis Tips

  • Time Complexity: Focus on the dominant operation in loops
  • Space Complexity: Consider auxiliary data structures
  • Optimization: Look for opportunities to improve efficiency
  • Edge Cases: Ensure your solution handles empty inputs, null/undefined, edge conditions

📁 Analysis Files Created

Detailed analysis files have been automatically generated and committed to docs/analysis/ for future reference.

🎯 Next Steps

  1. Review any ESLint errors/warnings above
  2. Consider the complexity analysis - is this the optimal approach?
  3. Test with edge cases mentioned in the problem description
  4. Add comments explaining complex logic
  5. Check the docs/analysis/ directory for detailed complexity analysis files

Analysis generated for PR files only

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✅ Test Results

Tests have been executed for this pull request.

📊 Coverage Summary

Metric Coverage
Statements 94.61%
Branches 89.26%
Functions 85.71%
Lines 94.68%

Check the workflow logs for detailed test output.

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🤖 Gemini Code Review (Model: gemini-2.5-flash)

This review focuses on the provided TypeScript solution for the LeetCode problem "Binary String With Substrings Representing 1 To N".

1. Pattern Identification

This solution primarily uses a Direct Simulation / Brute Force approach combined with String Searching. It directly iterates through each number from 1 to n, converts it to its binary string representation, and then uses a built-in string method (.includes()) to search for that binary string within the input string s.

2. Complexity Verification

  • Time Complexity: O(N * L_s * log N)
    • The loop runs N times (from i = 1 to N).
    • Inside the loop:
      • i.toString(2): Converts integer i to its binary string representation. The length of this string (str) is log2(i). In the worst case, for i = N, this is O(log N).
      • s.includes(str): Searches for str within s. If s has length L_s and str has length L_str (which is log2(i)), a naive string search algorithm would take O(L_s * L_str). Modern JavaScript engines often use optimized algorithms (like Boyer-Moore or similar) that can achieve closer to O(L_s + L_str) on average, but the

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🤖 Gemini Code Review (Model: gemini-2.5-flash)

This is a good, straightforward attempt at solving the problem. However, a deeper look into the constraints and typical performance expectations for LeetCode problems reveals some important considerations.


1. Pattern Identification

This solution uses a Direct Simulation / Brute Force approach combined with String Manipulation. It directly translates the problem statement into code: iterate through each number from 1 to n, convert it to its binary string representation, and check if that binary string is a substring of s.

It doesn't employ more complex algorithmic patterns like Dynamic Programming, Two Pointers, or Graph Traversal.

2. Complexity Verification

Time Complexity

  • Stated Complexity (Implicit): The solution implicitly assumes n is small enough for this direct approach.
  • Correct Complexity: Let L_s be the length of string s.
    1. The loop runs n times.
    2. Inside the loop, i.toString(2) converts the integer i to its binary string representation. The length of this binary string (L_str) is O(log i). For i <= n, this is O(log n).
    3. s.includes(str) searches for str within s. In JavaScript, String.prototype.includes() typically uses an optimized algorithm (like Boyer-Moore or similar) but in the worst-case for arbitrary strings, its complexity is `O(L_s * L_str

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
function queryString(s: string, n: number): boolean {
export function queryString(s: string, n: number): boolean {
for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {

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⚠️ Performance Issue: This loop iterates up to n times, which can be up to 10^9 according to the constraints. This will cause Time Limit Exceeded (TLE) on LeetCode.

Why this is a problem:

  • With n = 1,000,000,000, you're performing 1 billion iterations
  • Each iteration does a string search (.includes()) which is O(m) where m = s.length

Suggested optimization:

// Add early termination for impossible cases
if (n >= (1 << s.length)) return false;

// Or: Iterate backwards from n (larger numbers are more restrictive)
for (let i = n; i >= 1; i--) {
  // ...
}

The key insight is that if s.length = 1000, it's mathematically impossible to contain all binary representations if n is too large. Consider adding bounds checking!

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Pull request overview

This PR adds a new LeetCode medium problem solution: "Binary String With Substrings Representing 1 To N". The solution was properly moved from the root directory to the correct location under leetcode/medium/ and the repository documentation was updated accordingly.

Changes:

  • Added TypeScript solution for problem 1065 with proper exports
  • Created clean, well-formatted README with problem description, examples, and constraints
  • Updated root README.md to reflect the new problem count (171 total, 77 medium)
  • Added new "Binary & Bit Manipulation" category in the Medium Problems section

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File Description
leetcode/medium/1065-binary-string-with-substrings-representing-1-to-n/binary-string-with-substrings-representing-1-to-n.ts Added TypeScript solution with export, proper formatting, and correct function signature
leetcode/medium/1065-binary-string-with-substrings-representing-1-to-n/README.md Created clean problem documentation with markdown formatting instead of HTML
README.md Updated problem counts (170→171, 76→77), added new Binary & Bit Manipulation category, and linked the new problem
1065-binary-string-with-substrings-representing-1-to-n/README.md Removed old file from incorrect root location
Comments suppressed due to low confidence (1)

leetcode/medium/1065-binary-string-with-substrings-representing-1-to-n/binary-string-with-substrings-representing-1-to-n.ts:7

  • The algorithm has a potential performance issue for large values of n. With the constraint 1 <= n <= 10^9, this solution could perform up to 1 billion iterations.

Consider adding an early termination optimization: A binary string of length L can contain at most L*(L+1)/2 distinct substrings. For the given constraints where s.length <= 1000, this means approximately 500,000 possible substrings. Therefore, if n > 500,000, the function could return false immediately without iterating.

Additionally, larger numbers have longer binary representations. If n > 2^s.length, it's impossible for s to contain the binary representation of n since that binary string would be longer than s itself.

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Actionable comments posted: 1

Caution

Some comments are outside the diff and can’t be posted inline due to platform limitations.

⚠️ Outside diff range comments (1)
README.md (1)

184-239: Fix the problem number: 1065 is incorrect; the problem is LeetCode 1016.

The slug "binary-string-with-substrings-representing-1-to-n" corresponds to LeetCode problem 1016, not 1065. Update both the problem entry and its directory path from leetcode/medium/1065-binary-string-with-substrings-representing-1-to-n to leetcode/medium/1016-binary-string-with-substrings-representing-1-to-n.

🤖 Fix all issues with AI agents
In
`@leetcode/medium/1065-binary-string-with-substrings-representing-1-to-n/binary-string-with-substrings-representing-1-to-n.ts`:
- Around line 1-9: The current queryString loop over i from 1..n will TLE for
large n; instead, in function queryString enumerate all substrings of s with
length up to maxLen = Math.floor(Math.log2(n)) + 1, compute their integer values
using a rolling/bit-shift approach, mark values ≤ n in a Set (or boolean array),
and early-return true when the count of seen values reaches n (otherwise return
false at end); also add an explicit top-line comment stating the pattern used
and time/space complexity. Use the unique symbol queryString and reference
maxLen, rolling value, and the seen set in the fix.

Comment on lines 1 to 9
export function queryString(s: string, n: number): boolean {
for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
const str = i.toString(2);
if (!s.includes(str)) {
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
};
}
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⚠️ Potential issue | 🟠 Major

Current loop up to n will TLE for large inputs.

With n up to 1e9, the for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) approach is infeasible. A common fix is to enumerate substrings up to maxLen = floor(log2 n)+1, record values ≤ n, and early-return when all are covered. Also add explicit pattern + complexity comments as required for LeetCode TS solutions. As per coding guidelines.

⚡ Proposed fix (substring enumeration with rolling value)
-export function queryString(s: string, n: number): boolean {
-  for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
-    const str = i.toString(2);
-    if (!s.includes(str)) {
-      return false;
-    }
-  }
-  return true;
-}
+/**
+ * Pattern: substring enumeration with rolling binary value.
+ * Time: O(m * L), where m = s.length and L = floor(log2(n)) + 1.
+ * Space: O(min(n, m * L)) for the seen set.
+ */
+export function queryString(s: string, n: number): boolean {
+  const maxLen = Math.floor(Math.log2(n)) + 1;
+  if (s.length < maxLen) return false;
+
+  const seen = new Set<number>();
+  let covered = 0;
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
+    let value = 0;
+    for (let j = i; j < s.length && j - i + 1 <= maxLen; j++) {
+      value = (value << 1) + (s[j] === "1" ? 1 : 0);
+      if (value > n) break;
+      if (value >= 1 && !seen.has(value)) {
+        seen.add(value);
+        covered++;
+        if (covered === n) return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return covered === n;
+}
📝 Committable suggestion

‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.

Suggested change
export function queryString(s: string, n: number): boolean {
for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
const str = i.toString(2);
if (!s.includes(str)) {
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
};
\ No newline at end of file
}
/**
* Pattern: substring enumeration with rolling binary value.
* Time: O(m * L), where m = s.length and L = floor(log2(n)) + 1.
* Space: O(min(n, m * L)) for the seen set.
*/
export function queryString(s: string, n: number): boolean {
const maxLen = Math.floor(Math.log2(n)) + 1;
if (s.length < maxLen) return false;
const seen = new Set<number>();
let covered = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
let value = 0;
for (let j = i; j < s.length && j - i + 1 <= maxLen; j++) {
value = (value << 1) + (s[j] === "1" ? 1 : 0);
if (value > n) break;
if (value >= 1 && !seen.has(value)) {
seen.add(value);
covered++;
if (covered === n) return true;
}
}
}
return covered === n;
}
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
In
`@leetcode/medium/1065-binary-string-with-substrings-representing-1-to-n/binary-string-with-substrings-representing-1-to-n.ts`
around lines 1 - 9, The current queryString loop over i from 1..n will TLE for
large n; instead, in function queryString enumerate all substrings of s with
length up to maxLen = Math.floor(Math.log2(n)) + 1, compute their integer values
using a rolling/bit-shift approach, mark values ≤ n in a Set (or boolean array),
and early-return true when the count of seen values reaches n (otherwise return
false at end); also add an explicit top-line comment stating the pattern used
and time/space complexity. Use the unique symbol queryString and reference
maxLen, rolling value, and the seen set in the fix.

@pertrai1 pertrai1 merged commit 6a8d787 into main Jan 19, 2026
16 of 17 checks passed
@pertrai1 pertrai1 deleted the leetcode-1192026 branch January 19, 2026 14:29
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📅 Spaced Repetition Reviews Scheduled!

Great job solving #1065 - Binary String With Substrings Representing 1 To N! 🎉

To help you retain this knowledge long-term, I've scheduled 5 review sessions using spaced repetition:

Review Interval Schedule Logic
1st Review 1 day after solving Scheduled now
2nd Review 3 days after 1st review Auto-scheduled when 1st completes
3rd Review 7 days after 2nd review Auto-scheduled when 2nd completes
4th Review 14 days after 3rd review Auto-scheduled when 3rd completes
5th Review 30 days after 4th review Auto-scheduled when 4th completes

What to expect:

  • Your 1st review is scheduled for tomorrow
  • Each subsequent review is scheduled automatically when you complete the previous one
  • This ensures proper spacing even if you complete a review a few days late
  • GitHub issues will be created automatically for each review
  • Each issue will link back to your solution

🧠 Why Spaced Repetition?

Research shows that reviewing material at increasing intervals dramatically improves retention. This adaptive scheduling ensures optimal spacing based on when you actually complete each review!

Check docs/reviews/review-schedule.json to see your review schedule.

github-actions bot pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Jan 19, 2026
…s Representing 1 To N

  Problem: #1065 - Binary String With Substrings Representing 1 To N
  PR: #204
  First review scheduled (subsequent reviews auto-scheduled on completion)

  [skip ci]
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