fix(parser): security vulnerabilities in DSN and SQL parsing

[SajanGhimire1]

-Replaced strncasecmp() with manual comparison in validate_key() to prevent reading past buffer boundaries

Added bounds checking for all string operations

• Maximum key length: 256 characters
• Maximum value length: 65536 characters
• Maximum DSN length: 4096 characters Fixed uninitialized variable start_pos in parse_conn_string()
  • Changed initial value from -1 to 0
  • Added bounds checking before pointer arithmetic Fixed handling of {{ and }} in DSN values
  • Previously treated as malformed input
  • Now properly handled as escaped braces per ODBC specification Added null checks for all input parameters
  • Constructor validates dsn, sql_str, and hash table pointers
  • add_key_value_pair() handles null value parameter Added length validation before memory allocation
  • Prevents excessive memory allocation from malformed input

[SajanGhimire1]

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[jahnvi480]

/azp run

[azure-pipelines]

Azure Pipelines successfully started running 1 pipeline(s).

[jahnvi480]

@SajanGhimire1 Thanks for raising the PR for this fix, Can you please check why is the pipeline failing for all OSs and fix it, also I would like you to add some tests to check if the code that you have added really works.

[jahnvi480]

/azp run

[azure-pipelines]

Azure Pipelines successfully started running 1 pipeline(s).

[David-Engel]

For reference, here are the relevant build errors from these changes:

macOS

/Users/runner/work/1/s/source/pdo_sqlsrv/pdo_parser.cpp:158:78: error: no member named 'current_key_name' in 'string_parser'; did you mean 'current_key'?
  158 |         THROW_PDO_ERROR(this->ctx, PDO_SQLSRV_ERROR_INVALID_DSN_VALUE, this->current_key_name, nullptr);
      |                                                                              ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
      |                                                                              current_key
/Users/runner/work/1/s/source/pdo_sqlsrv/php_pdo_sqlsrv_int.h:399:48: note: expanded from macro 'THROW_PDO_ERROR'
  399 |     call_error_handler( ctx, custom, false, ## __VA_ARGS__ ); \
      |                                                ^
/Users/runner/work/1/s/source/pdo_sqlsrv/php_pdo_sqlsrv_int.h:119:22: note: 'current_key' declared here
  119 |         unsigned int current_key;
      |                      ^
/Users/runner/work/1/s/source/pdo_sqlsrv/pdo_parser.cpp:192:36: error: use of undeclared identifier 'PDO_SQLSRV_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_LENGTH'
  192 |         THROW_PDO_ERROR(this->ctx, PDO_SQLSRV_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_LENGTH);
      |                                    ^
/Users/runner/work/1/s/source/pdo_sqlsrv/pdo_parser.cpp:199:36: error: use of undeclared identifier 'PDO_SQLSRV_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_LENGTH'
  199 |         THROW_PDO_ERROR(this->ctx, PDO_SQLSRV_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_LENGTH);
      |                                    ^
/Users/runner/work/1/s/source/pdo_sqlsrv/pdo_parser.cpp:292:52: error: use of undeclared identifier 'PDO_SQLSRV_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_LENGTH'
  292 |                         THROW_PDO_ERROR(this->ctx, PDO_SQLSRV_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_LENGTH);
      |                                                    ^

Linux (Ubuntu)

In file included from /home/vsts/work/1/s/source/pdo_sqlsrv/pdo_parser.cpp:26:
/home/vsts/work/1/s/source/pdo_sqlsrv/pdo_parser.cpp: In member function ‘void string_parser::add_key_value_pair(const char*, int)’:
/home/vsts/work/1/s/source/pdo_sqlsrv/pdo_parser.cpp:158:78: error: ‘class string_parser’ has no member named ‘current_key_name’; did you mean ‘current_key’?
  158 |         THROW_PDO_ERROR(this->ctx, PDO_SQLSRV_ERROR_INVALID_DSN_VALUE, this->current_key_name, nullptr);
      |                                                                              ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/home/vsts/work/1/s/source/pdo_sqlsrv/php_pdo_sqlsrv_int.h:399:48: note: in definition of macro ‘THROW_PDO_ERROR’
  399 |     call_error_handler( ctx, custom, false, ## __VA_ARGS__ ); \
      |                                                ^~~~~~~~~~~
/home/vsts/work/1/s/source/pdo_sqlsrv/pdo_parser.cpp: In member function ‘void conn_string_parser::validate_key(const char*, int)’:
/home/vsts/work/1/s/source/pdo_sqlsrv/pdo_parser.cpp:192:36: error: ‘PDO_SQLSRV_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_LENGTH’ was not declared in this scope; did you mean ‘PDO_SQLSRV_ERROR_INVALID_ENCODING’?
  192 |         THROW_PDO_ERROR(this->ctx, PDO_SQLSRV_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_LENGTH);
      |                                    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/home/vsts/work/1/s/source/pdo_sqlsrv/php_pdo_sqlsrv_int.h:399:30: note: in definition of macro ‘THROW_PDO_ERROR’
  399 |     call_error_handler( ctx, custom, false, ## __VA_ARGS__ ); \
      |                              ^~~~~~
/home/vsts/work/1/s/source/pdo_sqlsrv/pdo_parser.cpp:199:36: error: ‘PDO_SQLSRV_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_LENGTH’ was not declared in this scope; did you mean ‘PDO_SQLSRV_ERROR_INVALID_ENCODING’?
  199 |         THROW_PDO_ERROR(this->ctx, PDO_SQLSRV_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_LENGTH);
      |                                    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/home/vsts/work/1/s/source/pdo_sqlsrv/php_pdo_sqlsrv_int.h:399:30: note: in definition of macro ‘THROW_PDO_ERROR’
  399 |     call_error_handler( ctx, custom, false, ## __VA_ARGS__ ); \
      |                              ^~~~~~
/home/vsts/work/1/s/source/pdo_sqlsrv/pdo_parser.cpp: In member function ‘void conn_string_parser::parse_conn_string()’:
/home/vsts/work/1/s/source/pdo_sqlsrv/pdo_parser.cpp:292:52: error: ‘PDO_SQLSRV_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_LENGTH’ was not declared in this scope; did you mean ‘PDO_SQLSRV_ERROR_INVALID_ENCODING’?
  292 |                         THROW_PDO_ERROR(this->ctx, PDO_SQLSRV_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_LENGTH);
      |                                                    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/home/vsts/work/1/s/source/pdo_sqlsrv/php_pdo_sqlsrv_int.h:399:30: note: in definition of macro ‘THROW_PDO_ERROR’
  399 |     call_error_handler( ctx, custom, false, ## __VA_ARGS__ ); \
      |                              ^~~~~~

Windows

ext\pdo_sqlsrv\pdo_parser.cpp(158): error C2039: 'current_key_name': is not a member of 'string_parser'
D:\a\1\s\buildscripts\php-sdk\phpdev\vs17\x64\php-8.4.16-src\ext\pdo_sqlsrv\php_pdo_sqlsrv_int.h(112): note: see declaration of 'string_parser'
ext\pdo_sqlsrv\pdo_parser.cpp(192): error C2065: 'PDO_SQLSRV_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_LENGTH': undeclared identifier
ext\pdo_sqlsrv\pdo_parser.cpp(199): error C2065: 'PDO_SQLSRV_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_LENGTH': undeclared identifier
ext\pdo_sqlsrv\pdo_parser.cpp(292): error C2065: 'PDO_SQLSRV_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_LENGTH': undeclared identifier
pdo_util.cpp