Unify model naming convention

[rul048]

Summary

This PR standardizes how MatCalc loads universal MLIPs across multiple backend libraries (MatGL, MACE, GRACE, etc.) as a solution of Issue #120.

Different backend libraries currently use inconsistent or non-canonical model names (e.g., "small-omat-0", "medium-mpa-0", "GRACE-1L-OMAT-medium-base", "TensorNet-MatPES-PBE-v2025.1-PES"), which leads to ambiguity, user confusion, and repeated conversion logic scattered across the codebase.

To fix this, the PR introduces a unified model naming convention. The canonical identifier format is:

Architecture-Dataset-Functional-Version-Size

Examples:

TensorNet-MatPES-r2SCAN-v2025.1-S
MACE-MP-PBE-0-M
GRACE-OMAT-PBE-0-L

The alias conversion table (ID_TO_ALIAS) can map the commonly used case-insensitive abbreviations or allies (eg., MACE-MP-0, MACE-MP-PBE-0, MACE-MP-0-M) entered by the user to the canonical identifiers used in MatCalc. And the backend name conversion table (ID_TO_NAME) can map these identifiers to the model names that each backend library actually uses so that users can write:

load_universal("mace")
load_universal("mace-mp-0")
load_universal("tensornet")
load_universal("grace-oam")

Use abbreviations will load the most advanced model in the model family.

Major changes:

• feature 1: Introduced a unified, backend-agnostic model naming convention (----).
• feature 2: Centralized model resolution using ID_TO_NAME (canonical ID -> backend name) and ID_TO_ALIAS (user aliases -> canonical ID).
• feature 3: Updated load_universal() to support flexible MACE loading via name.startswith("mace"), enabling both load_universal("mace") (SOTA model) and load_universal("mace-mp-0-m").
• feature 4: Updated load_universal() to support flexible GRACE loading via name.startswith("grace"), enabling both load_universal("grace") (SOTA model), load_universal("grace-oam-pbe-0-l") and load_universal("GRACE-2L-OMAT-large-ft-AM").
• feature 5: Expanded alias coverage and added tests for MACE and GRACE model resolution.
• fix 1: Removed TensorPotential, as it is a backend library name (GRACE) rather than a model name.

Todos

If this is work in progress, what else needs to be done?

• feature 6: Expand alias coverage to handle additional legacy and inconsistent model names.

Checklist

• Google format doc strings added. Check with ruff.
• Type annotations included. Check with mypy.
• Tests added for new features/fixes.
• If applicable, new classes/functions/modules have duecredit @due.dcite decorators to reference relevant papers by DOI (example)

Tip: Install pre-commit hooks to auto-check types and linting before every commit:

pip install -U pre-commit
pre-commit install

[shyuep]

Good start. But I don't think we should use model aliases in such a manner. It is very confusing that MACE-mp-0-small maps to "small". It is completely unintuitive. An "alias" is a shortened name for a commonly used model (and you should not have too many of these since commonly used by definition means a few).

This is what I propose:

1. Matcalc defines the correct way to name a model. E.g., < architecture>-<dataset>-version-S/M/L (small medium large). Example: MACE-MP-0-M
2. Model aliases provide shortened names for the most common models. E.g., MACE-MP-0 maps to MACE-MP-0-M. TensorNet-PBE maps to TensorNet-MatPES-PBE-v2025.1. We can be less strict with model aliases since everyone has their pet naming convention.
3. Within the model loading code, we parse the full name (e.g., MACE-MP-0-M) to actually load the correct model using the API provided by the model developer. E.g., Loading either MACE-MP-0 will correctly alias to MACE-MP-0-M, which in the relevant section, the code loads with the medium keyword.

I would even argue that for <dataset>, we want to be explicit in the functional (even though for most datasets, it is implied).

All names need to be processed in a case-insensitive manner.

@Andrew-S-Rosen Welcome your views too.

[Andrew-S-Rosen]

Thanks for the ping and for tackling this, @rul048. While conceptually "simple", I think #120 is incredibly important to address and am glad you are working on this. I agree with your comments, @shyuep.

Matcalc defines the correct way to name a model. E.g., < architecture>--version-S/M/L (small medium large). Example: MACE-MP-0-M

I do not have much of an opinion so long as it is internally consistent and captures all the necessary nuance.

TensorNet-PBE maps to TensorNet-MatPES-PBE-v2025.1. We can be less strict with model aliases since everyone has their pet naming convention.

Presumably, if a TensorNet-MatPES-PBE-v2026.1 were to come out next month, then TensorNet-PBE would be remapped to this newer version in a future release of matgl. On one hand, it makes sense to return the "best" version for the user. Of course, this downside of this is that when the alias is remapped, then there will be breaking changes if the user upgrades without reading a CHANGELOG. I don't see a way around that. You get what you ask for with the alias.

Within the model loading code, we parse the full name (e.g., MACE-MP-0-M) to actually load the correct model using the API provided by the model developer. E.g., Loading either MACE-MP-0 will correctly alias to MACE-MP-0-M, which in the relevant section, the code loads with the medium keyword.

Yup.

[rul048]

Compared to the previous version, the latest commit splits model resolution into two explicit stages. It introduces two separate mappings: ID_TO_ALIAS (user-facing aliases -> canonical IDs) and ID_TO_NAME (canonical IDs -> backend-specific model names). This makes the canonical identifier the shared “source of truth” inside MatCalc, while aliases become purely a user-compatibility layer, and backend names become purely an implementation detail.

Along with this change, the PR description now formalizes a simpler canonical identifier format at the MatCalc level (Architecture-Dataset-Functional-Version-Size) rather than treating the canonical name as a variable-length.

[shyuep]

I wouldn't bother ensuring IDs are lower case here. It is better to use the proper name capitalization. When checking, we can make it a non-case-sensitive check

[rul048]

Agreed. I’ve kept the canonical capitalization for the IDs (eg., TensorNet-MatPES-r2SCAN-v2025.1-S), and the resolution is now case-insensitive when matching user input.

[shyuep]

This is non-intuitive. It should be ALIAS_TO_ID. And it is a many-to-one mapping.