jax.numpy: return tuples to match NumPy 2.0

[jakevdp]

This matches NumPy's behavior and also aligns with the next revision of the Array API standard in the case of meshgrid and broadcast_arrays.

I plan to merge this for JAX v0.9.0 unless there are unforseen issues downstream.

[gemini-code-assist]

Summary of Changes

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This pull request updates the jax.numpy library to align its function return types with the behavior expected in NumPy 2.0 and the Array API standard. Specifically, functions that previously returned lists of arrays will now return tuples of arrays, ensuring consistency and future compatibility. This change impacts several array manipulation and generation functions within JAX, making the library more consistent with the broader Python scientific computing ecosystem.

Highlights

• Return Type Alignment: Modified several jax.numpy functions, including ogrid, histogramdd, broadcast_arrays, atleast_1d, atleast_2d, atleast_3d, and meshgrid, to consistently return tuples of arrays instead of lists of arrays.
• NumPy 2.0 Compatibility: These changes align jax.numpy's behavior with the upcoming NumPy 2.0 standard and the next revision of the Array API standard, particularly for meshgrid and broadcast_arrays.
• Type Hint Updates: Updated type annotations in both implementation files and .pyi stub files to reflect the new tuple return types for the affected functions, ensuring type consistency.

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[gemini-code-assist]

Code Review

This pull request consistently updates several JAX NumPy functions, including _Ogrid.__getitem__, histogramdd, broadcast_arrays, atleast_1d, atleast_2d, atleast_3d, meshgrid, and _broadcast_arrays, to return tuples of arrays instead of lists of arrays. This change involves modifying function signatures, return statements, and docstring examples in jax/_src/numpy/index_tricks.py, jax/_src/numpy/lax_numpy.py, and jax/_src/numpy/util.py, along with updating the corresponding type hints in jax/numpy/__init__.pyi. A review comment specifically clarified and confirmed the correctness of using tuple[()] as the type hint for functions that return an empty tuple.