An Arduino-based project designed to automate the process of watering plants. This system monitors the soil moisture level and activates a water pump only when necessary, ensuring optimal plant health while conserving water. This project was developed for the Digital Logic Design (DLD) lab course.
[cite_start]This project aims to create a self-regulating system for plant irrigation, minimizing the need for manual intervention. [cite: 17, 18] [cite_start]It uses a soil moisture sensor to detect the water level in the soil. [cite: 19] [cite_start]When the moisture drops below a set threshold, a 5V relay is triggered, which activates a water pump to irrigate the plant until the desired moisture level is achieved. [cite: 20]
- [cite_start]Automation: Automatically water plants based on real-time soil moisture data. [cite: 39]
- [cite_start]Water Conservation: Provide a precise amount of water only when needed to prevent waste. [cite: 22, 40]
- [cite_start]Improved Plant Health: Ensure consistent and optimal moisture levels for healthy plant growth. [cite: 23]
- [cite_start]Hands-On Learning: Gain practical experience with microcontrollers, sensors, and system integration. [cite: 42]
| Component | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Arduino Uno | [cite_start]The microcontroller that serves as the brain of the system. [cite: 27] |
| Soil Moisture Sensor | [cite_start]Measures the volumetric water content in the soil. [cite: 28] |
| 5V Relay Module | [cite_start]Acts as an electronically controlled switch to safely turn the water pump on/off. [cite: 30] |
| Mini Water Pump | [cite_start]The pump used to deliver water to the plant. [cite: 32] |
| Jumper Wires | To connect all the components together. |
The system follows a simple but effective logic:
- Sensor Reading: The soil moisture sensor is placed in the plant's soil. It has a digital output (DO) that goes HIGH when the soil is sufficiently moist and LOW when it is dry.
- [cite_start]Arduino Processing: The Arduino Uno continuously reads the digital signal from the sensor on pin 6. [cite: 52, 78]
- Pump Control:
- [cite_start]If the sensor reads HIGH (wet soil), the Arduino sends a LOW signal to the relay module connected to pin 3. This deactivates the relay, turning the water pump OFF. [cite: 79, 80]
- If the sensor reads LOW (dry soil), the Arduino sends a HIGH signal to the relay module. [cite_start]This activates the relay, turning the water pump ON. [cite: 83]
| From | To |
|---|---|
| Soil Sensor VCC | Arduino 5V |
| Soil Sensor GND | Arduino GND |
| Soil Sensor DO | Arduino Digital Pin 6 |
| Relay Module VCC | Arduino 5V |
| Relay Module GND | Arduino GND |
| Relay Module IN | Arduino Digital Pin 3 |
| Water Pump +ve | Relay COM & External Power +ve |
| Water Pump -ve | External Power -ve |
Note: The water pump should be powered by an external power source, as the Arduino cannot provide enough current.
- Assemble the circuit as shown in the diagram.
- [cite_start]Upload the code (
Plant_Watering_System.ino) to your Arduino Uno board. [cite: 56] - Place the soil sensor into the soil of your plant.
- Power up the Arduino and the external power supply for the pump.
- The system will now automatically water your plant whenever the soil gets too dry!
- [cite_start]IoT Integration: Use an ESP8266 or ESP32 to send sensor data to the cloud and control the system remotely via a web dashboard or mobile app. [cite: 115]
- Multiple Plants: Expand the system with more sensors and valves to manage multiple plants independently.
- [cite_start]Data Logging: Store moisture data over time to analyze water consumption and plant health trends. [cite: 117]
Project by: Muhammad Haroon [cite_start]SZABIST ISB, BS-AI-2A. [cite: 12, 13]