virtio-media: Introduce -camera flag

base/cvd/cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd/BUILD.bazel

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ cf_cc_binary(
         "//cuttlefish/common/libs/utils:in_sandbox",
         "//cuttlefish/common/libs/utils:tee_logging",
         "//cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd:assemble_cvd_flags",
+        "//cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd:camera",
         "//cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd:clean",
         "//cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd:create_dynamic_disk_files",
         "//cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd:display",
@@ -306,6 +307,7 @@ cf_cc_library(
         "//cuttlefish/common/libs/utils:network",
         "//cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd:alloc",
         "//cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd:assemble_cvd_flags",
+        "//cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd:camera",
         "//cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd:disk_image_flags_vectorization",
         "//cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd:display",
         "//cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd:flags_defaults",
@@ -638,3 +640,19 @@ cf_cc_library(
     # required for the gflags `DEFINE`s when included in other targets
     alwayslink = 1,
 )
+
+cf_cc_library(
+    name = "camera",
+    srcs = ["camera.cpp"],
+    hdrs = ["camera.h"],
+    deps = [
+        "//cuttlefish/common/libs/utils:flag_parser",
+        "//cuttlefish/host/libs/config:camera",
+        "//cuttlefish/host/libs/config:config_flag",
+        "//cuttlefish/host/libs/config:config_fragment",
+        "//cuttlefish/host/libs/config:cuttlefish_config",
+        "//cuttlefish/host/libs/feature",
+        "@abseil-cpp//absl/log",
+        "@fruit",
+    ],
+)

base/cvd/cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd/assemble_cvd.cc

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include "cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd/android_build/android_builds.h"
 #include "cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd/android_build/identify_build.h"
 #include "cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd/assemble_cvd_flags.h"
+#include "cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd/camera.h"
 #include "cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd/clean.h"
 #include "cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd/create_dynamic_disk_files.h"
 #include "cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd/disk/ap_composite_disk.h"
@@ -520,7 +521,10 @@ fruit::Component<> FlagsComponent(SystemImageDirFlag* system_image_dir) {
       .install(FastbootConfigFragmentComponent)
       .install(GflagsComponent)
       .install(ConfigFlagComponent)
-      .install(CustomActionsComponent);
+      .install(CustomActionsComponent)
+      .install(CamerasConfigsComponent)
+      .install(CamerasConfigsFlagComponent)
+      .install(CamerasConfigsFragmentComponent);
 }
 
 Result<void> CheckNoTTY() {

base/cvd/cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd/bootconfig_args.cpp

@@ -247,6 +247,15 @@ Result<std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>> BootconfigArgsFromConfig(
     bootconfig_args["androidboot.wifi_impl"] = "virt_wifi";
   }
 
+  bootconfig_args
+      ["androidboot.vendor.apex.com.google.emulated.camera.provider.hal"] =
+          // Camera configs is only populated for virtio-media host camera
+          // devices. The V4L2 Camera HAL implementation would handle all
+          // (possibly multiple) host cameras devices.
+      instance.camera_configs().empty()
+          ? "com.google.emulated.camera.provider.hal"
+          : "com.google.emulated.camera.provider.hal.v4l2";
+
   if (!instance.vcpu_config_path().empty()) {
     auto vcpu_config_json =
         CF_EXPECT(LoadFromFile(instance.vcpu_config_path()));

base/cvd/cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd/camera.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2026 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd/camera.h"
+
+#include "absl/log/log.h"
+
+#include "cuttlefish/common/libs/utils/flag_parser.h"
+#include "cuttlefish/host/libs/config/camera.h"
+
+namespace cuttlefish {
+namespace {
+
+class CamerasConfigsImpl : public CamerasConfigs {
+ public:
+  INJECT(CamerasConfigsImpl()) {}
+
+  const std::vector<CuttlefishConfig::CameraConfig>& GetConfigs()
+      const override {
+    return camera_configs_;
+  }
+
+  void SetConfigs(const std::vector<CuttlefishConfig::CameraConfig>& configs) override {
+    camera_configs_ = configs;
+  }
+
+  std::string Name() const override { return "CamerasConfigsImpl"; }
+
+ private:
+  std::vector<CuttlefishConfig::CameraConfig> camera_configs_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+fruit::Component<CamerasConfigs> CamerasConfigsComponent() {
+  return fruit::createComponent()
+      .bind<CamerasConfigs, CamerasConfigsImpl>()
+      .addMultibinding<CamerasConfigs, CamerasConfigs>();
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+class CamerasConfigsFlagImpl : public CamerasConfigsFlag {
+ public:
+  INJECT(CamerasConfigsFlagImpl(CamerasConfigs& configs,
+                                ConfigFlag& config_flag))
+      : camera_configs_(configs), config_flag_dependency_(config_flag) {}
+
+  std::string Name() const override { return "CamerasConfigsFlagImpl"; }
+
+  std::unordered_set<FlagFeature*> Dependencies() const override {
+    return {static_cast<FlagFeature*>(&config_flag_dependency_)};
+  }
+
+  Result<void> Process(std::vector<std::string>& args) override {
+    camera_configs_.SetConfigs(CF_EXPECT(ParseCameraConfigsFromArgs(args)));
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  bool WriteGflagsCompatHelpXml(std::ostream& out) const override {
+    Flag camera_flag = GflagsCompatFlag(kCameraFlag).Help(kCameraHelp);
+    return WriteGflagsCompatXml({camera_flag}, out);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  CamerasConfigs& camera_configs_;
+  ConfigFlag& config_flag_dependency_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+fruit::Component<fruit::Required<CamerasConfigs, ConfigFlag>,
+                 CamerasConfigsFlag>
+CamerasConfigsFlagComponent() {
+  return fruit::createComponent()
+      .bind<CamerasConfigsFlag, CamerasConfigsFlagImpl>()
+      .addMultibinding<FlagFeature, CamerasConfigsFlag>();
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+class CamerasConfigsFragmentImpl : public CamerasConfigsFragment {
+ public:
+  INJECT(CamerasConfigsFragmentImpl(CamerasConfigs& configs))
+      : configs_(configs) {}
+
+  std::string Name() const override { return "CamerasConfigsFragmentImpl"; }
+
+  Json::Value Serialize() const override {
+    Json::Value configs_json(Json::arrayValue);
+    for (const auto& config : configs_.GetConfigs()) {
+      Json::Value json(Json::objectValue);
+      json[kType] = static_cast<int>(config.type);
+      configs_json.append(json);
+    }
+    return configs_json;
+  }
+
+  bool Deserialize(const Json::Value& json) override {
+    if (!json.isMember(kCameraConfigs)) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid value for " << kCameraConfigs;
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const Json::Value& configs_json = json[kCameraConfigs];
+
+    std::vector<CuttlefishConfig::CameraConfig> configs;
+    for (auto& json : configs_json) {
+      CuttlefishConfig::CameraConfig config = {};
+      config.type =
+          static_cast<CuttlefishConfig::CameraType>(json[kType].asInt());
+      configs.emplace_back(config);
+    }
+
+    configs_.SetConfigs(configs);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  static constexpr char kCameraConfigs[] = "camera_configs";
+  static constexpr char kType[] = "type";
+  CamerasConfigs& configs_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+fruit::Component<fruit::Required<CamerasConfigs>, CamerasConfigsFragment>
+CamerasConfigsFragmentComponent() {
+  return fruit::createComponent()
+      .bind<CamerasConfigsFragment, CamerasConfigsFragmentImpl>()
+      .addMultibinding<ConfigFragment, CamerasConfigsFragment>();
+}
+
+}  // namespace cuttlefish
+

base/cvd/cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd/camera.h

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2026 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <fruit/fruit.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "cuttlefish/host/libs/config/config_flag.h"
+#include "cuttlefish/host/libs/config/config_fragment.h"
+#include "cuttlefish/host/libs/config/cuttlefish_config.h"
+// #include "cuttlefish/host/libs/config/feature.h"
+
+namespace cuttlefish {
+
+// Component to share data between CamerasConfigsFlag and CamerasConfigsFragment
+class CamerasConfigs {
+ public:
+  virtual ~CamerasConfigs() = default;
+
+  virtual std::string Name() const = 0;
+
+  virtual const std::vector<CuttlefishConfig::CameraConfig>& GetConfigs()
+      const = 0;
+  virtual void SetConfigs(
+      const std::vector<CuttlefishConfig::CameraConfig>& configs) = 0;
+};
+
+// Component to parse the --camera command line flag and update the
+// CamerasConfigs.
+class CamerasConfigsFlag : public FlagFeature {};
+
+// Component to serialize and deserialize the CamerasConfigs to/from Json.
+class CamerasConfigsFragment : public ConfigFragment {};
+
+fruit::Component<CamerasConfigs> CamerasConfigsComponent();
+
+fruit::Component<fruit::Required<CamerasConfigs, ConfigFlag>,
+                 CamerasConfigsFlag>
+CamerasConfigsFlagComponent();
+
+fruit::Component<fruit::Required<CamerasConfigs>, CamerasConfigsFragment>
+CamerasConfigsFragmentComponent();
+
+}  // namespace cuttlefish

base/cvd/cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd/flags.cc

@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
 #include "cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd/flags/use_cvdalloc.h"
 #include "cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd/flags/vendor_boot_image.h"
 #include "cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd/flags/vm_manager.h"
+#include "cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd/camera.h"
 #include "cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd/graphics_flags.h"
 #include "cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd/guest_config.h"
 #include "cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd/network_flags.h"
@@ -1307,6 +1308,12 @@ Result<CuttlefishConfig> InitializeCuttlefishConfiguration(
 
     instance.set_enable_tap_devices(enable_tap_devices_vec[instance_index]);
 
+    auto cameras_configs_bindings = injector.getMultibindings<CamerasConfigs>();
+    CF_EXPECT_EQ(cameras_configs_bindings.size(), 1,
+                 "Expected a single binding?");
+    auto camera_configs = cameras_configs_bindings[0]->GetConfigs();
+    instance.set_camera_configs(camera_configs);
+
     instance_index++;
   }  // end of num_instances loop
 

base/cvd/cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd/flags_defaults.h

@@ -263,3 +263,6 @@
 
 // Virtual Cpufreq default configuration path
 #define CF_DEFAULTS_VCPU_CONFIG_PATH ""
+
+// Camera
+#define CF_DEFAULTS_CAMERA_TYPE 1

base/cvd/cuttlefish/host/libs/config/BUILD.bazel

@@ -454,3 +454,18 @@ cf_cc_library(
         "@abseil-cpp//absl/strings",
     ],
 )
+
+cf_cc_library(
+    name = "camera",
+    srcs = ["camera.cpp"],
+    hdrs = ["camera.h"],
+    deps = [
+        "//cuttlefish/common/libs/utils:contains",
+        "//cuttlefish/common/libs/utils:flag_parser",
+        "//cuttlefish/host/commands/assemble_cvd:flags_defaults",
+        "//cuttlefish/host/libs/config:cuttlefish_config",
+        "//cuttlefish/result",
+        "//libbase",
+        "@abseil-cpp//absl/strings",
+    ],
+)