fix(squid): run Squid container as non-root proxy user

containers/squid/Dockerfile

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 FROM ubuntu/squid:latest
 
 # Install additional tools for debugging, healthcheck, and SSL Bump
-# gosu is used to drop from root to proxy user after permission setup
 # Retry logic handles transient 404s when Ubuntu archive supersedes package versions mid-build
 RUN set -eux; \
-    PKGS="curl dnsutils gosu net-tools netcat-openbsd openssl squid-openssl"; \
+    PKGS="curl dnsutils net-tools netcat-openbsd openssl squid-openssl"; \
     apt-get update && \
     apt-get install -y --only-upgrade gpgv && \
     ( apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $PKGS || \
@@ -24,5 +23,10 @@ RUN chmod +x /usr/local/bin/entrypoint.sh
 EXPOSE 3128
 EXPOSE 3129
 
-# Use entrypoint to fix permissions before starting Squid
+# Run as non-root proxy user for security hardening
+# Permission setup is done at build time; mounted volumes must be pre-configured
+# by the host (docker-manager.ts sets correct ownership before starting containers)
+USER proxy
+
+# Use entrypoint to start Squid (runs as proxy user)
 ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/bin/entrypoint.sh"]

containers/squid/entrypoint.sh

@@ -1,29 +1,13 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 set -e
 
-# Fix permissions on mounted log directory
-# The directory is mounted from the host and may have wrong ownership
-chown -R proxy:proxy /var/log/squid
-chmod -R 755 /var/log/squid
+# This entrypoint runs as the non-root 'proxy' user (set by USER in Dockerfile).
+# All directory permissions are set at build time or by the host before container start.
 
-# Fix permissions on SSL certificate database if SSL Bump is enabled
-# The database is initialized on the host side by awf, but the permissions
-# need to be fixed for the proxy user inside the container.
+# Verify SSL certificate database permissions if SSL Bump is enabled
 if [ -d "/var/spool/squid_ssl_db" ]; then
-  echo "[squid-entrypoint] SSL Bump mode detected - fixing SSL database permissions..."
-
-  # Fix ownership for Squid (runs as proxy user)
-  chown -R proxy:proxy /var/spool/squid_ssl_db
-  chmod -R 700 /var/spool/squid_ssl_db
-
-  echo "[squid-entrypoint] SSL certificate database ready"
+  echo "[squid-entrypoint] SSL Bump mode detected - SSL database ready"
 fi
 
-# Ensure Squid config directory and run directory are writable by proxy
-chown -R proxy:proxy /etc/squid /var/run/squid /var/spool/squid 2>/dev/null || true
-
-# Ensure pid file is writable by proxy user (default: /run/squid.pid)
-touch /run/squid.pid && chown proxy:proxy /run/squid.pid
-
-# Drop to proxy user and start Squid
-exec gosu proxy squid -N -d 1
+# Start Squid directly (already running as proxy user via Dockerfile USER directive)
+exec squid -N -d 1

src/chown-recursive.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/**
+ * Isolated test for chownRecursive that mocks fs to test the traversal logic.
+ * This is in a separate file because the main ssl-bump.test.ts uses real fs operations,
+ * and Node.js fs.chownSync is non-configurable (can't be spied on or redefined).
+ */
+
+import * as path from 'path';
+
+// Mock fs before importing the module under test
+const mockChownSync = jest.fn();
+const mockReaddirSync = jest.fn();
+jest.mock('fs', () => {
+  const actual = jest.requireActual('fs');
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    chownSync: (...args: unknown[]) => mockChownSync(...args),
+    readdirSync: (...args: unknown[]) => {
+      // Only intercept calls with { withFileTypes: true } (from chownRecursive)
+      if (args[1] && typeof args[1] === 'object' && 'withFileTypes' in args[1]) {
+        return mockReaddirSync(...args);
+      }
+      return actual.readdirSync(...args);
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+// Mock execa (required by ssl-bump module)
+jest.mock('execa');
+
+import { chownRecursive } from './ssl-bump';
+
+describe('chownRecursive', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    mockChownSync.mockReset();
+    mockReaddirSync.mockReset();
+  });
+
+  it('should chown the directory itself', () => {
+    mockReaddirSync.mockReturnValue([]);
+
+    chownRecursive('/some/dir', 13, 13);
+
+    expect(mockChownSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/some/dir', 13, 13);
+  });
+
+  it('should chown files in the directory', () => {
+    mockReaddirSync.mockReturnValue([
+      { name: 'file1.txt', isDirectory: () => false },
+      { name: 'file2.txt', isDirectory: () => false },
+    ]);
+
+    chownRecursive('/some/dir', 13, 13);
+
+    expect(mockChownSync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3); // dir + 2 files
+    expect(mockChownSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/some/dir', 13, 13);
+    expect(mockChownSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(path.join('/some/dir', 'file1.txt'), 13, 13);
+    expect(mockChownSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(path.join('/some/dir', 'file2.txt'), 13, 13);
+  });
+
+  it('should recursively chown subdirectories', () => {
+    // Root dir has a subdir and a file
+    mockReaddirSync
+      .mockReturnValueOnce([
+        { name: 'subdir', isDirectory: () => true },
+        { name: 'root-file.txt', isDirectory: () => false },
+      ])
+      // Subdir has one file
+      .mockReturnValueOnce([
+        { name: 'sub-file.txt', isDirectory: () => false },
+      ]);
+
+    chownRecursive('/root', 13, 13);
+
+    expect(mockChownSync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(4); // root + subdir + root-file + sub-file
+    expect(mockChownSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/root', 13, 13);
+    expect(mockChownSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(path.join('/root', 'subdir'), 13, 13);
+    expect(mockChownSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(path.join('/root', 'root-file.txt'), 13, 13);
+    expect(mockChownSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(path.join('/root', 'subdir', 'sub-file.txt'), 13, 13);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle empty directory', () => {
+    mockReaddirSync.mockReturnValue([]);
+
+    chownRecursive('/empty', 1000, 1000);
+
+    expect(mockChownSync).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1); // just the dir itself
+    expect(mockChownSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/empty', 1000, 1000);
+  });
+});

src/docker-manager.ts

@@ -1189,11 +1189,19 @@ export async function writeConfigs(config: WrapperConfig): Promise<void> {
   // Otherwise, use workDir/squid-logs (will be moved to /tmp after cleanup)
   // Note: Squid runs as user 'proxy' (UID 13, GID 13 in ubuntu/squid image)
   // We need to make the directory writable by the proxy user
+  // Squid container runs as non-root 'proxy' user (UID 13, GID 13)
+  // Set ownership so proxy user can write logs without root privileges
+  const SQUID_PROXY_UID = 13;
+  const SQUID_PROXY_GID = 13;
   const squidLogsDir = config.proxyLogsDir || path.join(config.workDir, 'squid-logs');
   if (!fs.existsSync(squidLogsDir)) {
-    fs.mkdirSync(squidLogsDir, { recursive: true, mode: 0o777 });
-    // Explicitly set permissions to 0o777 (not affected by umask)
-    fs.chmodSync(squidLogsDir, 0o777);
+    fs.mkdirSync(squidLogsDir, { recursive: true, mode: 0o755 });
+    try {
+      fs.chownSync(squidLogsDir, SQUID_PROXY_UID, SQUID_PROXY_GID);
+    } catch {
+      // Fallback to world-writable if chown fails (e.g., non-root context)
+      fs.chmodSync(squidLogsDir, 0o777);
+    }
   }
   logger.debug(`Squid logs directory created at: ${squidLogsDir}`);
 

src/squid-config.ts

@@ -506,6 +506,9 @@ ${sslBump ? '\n# SSL Bump mode enabled - HTTPS traffic will be intercepted for U
 # Disable pinger (ICMP) - requires NET_RAW capability which we don't have for security
 pinger_enable off
 
+# PID file location - use proxy-owned directory since container runs as non-root
+pid_filename /var/run/squid/squid.pid
+
 # Custom log format with detailed connection information
 # Format: timestamp client_ip:port dest_domain dest_ip:port protocol method status decision url user_agent
 # Note: For CONNECT requests (HTTPS), the domain is in the URL field

src/ssl-bump.test.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import * as fs from 'fs';
 import * as path from 'path';
 import * as os from 'os';
 import execa from 'execa';
-import { parseUrlPatterns, generateSessionCa, initSslDb, isOpenSslAvailable, secureWipeFile, cleanupSslKeyMaterial } from './ssl-bump';
+import { parseUrlPatterns, generateSessionCa, initSslDb, isOpenSslAvailable, secureWipeFile, cleanupSslKeyMaterial, chownRecursive } from './ssl-bump';
 
 // Pattern constant for the safer URL character class (matches the implementation)
 const URL_CHAR_PATTERN = '[^\\s]*';
@@ -315,6 +315,47 @@ describe('SSL Bump', () => {
         fs.chmodSync(sslDbPath, 0o700);
       }
     });
+
+    it('should gracefully handle EPERM from chown (non-root)', async () => {
+      // initSslDb calls chownRecursive(sslDbPath, 13, 13) internally.
+      // When not running as root, chownSync throws EPERM which is caught.
+      // This test verifies the EPERM path completes successfully.
+      const result = await initSslDb(tempDir);
+      expect(result).toBe(path.join(tempDir, 'ssl_db'));
+      // Verify the ssl_db was fully created despite chown failure
+      expect(fs.existsSync(path.join(result, 'certs'))).toBe(true);
+      expect(fs.existsSync(path.join(result, 'index.txt'))).toBe(true);
+      expect(fs.existsSync(path.join(result, 'size'))).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+  });
+
+  describe('chownRecursive', () => {
+    let tempDir: string;
+
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      tempDir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'chown-test-'));
+    });
+
+    afterEach(() => {
+      fs.rmSync(tempDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    });
+
+    it('should attempt to chown a directory and its contents', () => {
+      // Create directory structure
+      const subDir = path.join(tempDir, 'subdir');
+      fs.mkdirSync(subDir);
+      fs.writeFileSync(path.join(tempDir, 'file1.txt'), 'test');
+      fs.writeFileSync(path.join(subDir, 'file2.txt'), 'test');
+
+      // chownRecursive will throw EPERM when not root, but it should
+      // attempt to chown the root directory first
+      expect(() => chownRecursive(tempDir, 13, 13)).toThrow(/EPERM/);
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for non-existent directory', () => {
+      expect(() => chownRecursive('/tmp/nonexistent-chown-test', 13, 13)).toThrow();
+    });
   });
 
   describe('isOpenSslAvailable', () => {

src/ssl-bump.ts

@@ -18,6 +18,21 @@ import * as crypto from 'crypto';
 import execa from 'execa';
 import { logger } from './logger';
 
+/**
+ * Recursively chown a directory and its contents
+ */
+export function chownRecursive(dirPath: string, uid: number, gid: number): void {
+  fs.chownSync(dirPath, uid, gid);
+  for (const entry of fs.readdirSync(dirPath, { withFileTypes: true })) {
+    const fullPath = path.join(dirPath, entry.name);
+    if (entry.isDirectory()) {
+      chownRecursive(fullPath, uid, gid);
+    } else {
+      fs.chownSync(fullPath, uid, gid);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * Configuration for SSL Bump CA generation
  */
@@ -273,6 +288,15 @@ export async function initSslDb(workDir: string): Promise<string> {
     if ((err as NodeJS.ErrnoException).code !== 'EEXIST') throw err;
   }
 
+  // Chown to proxy user (uid=13, gid=13) so the non-root Squid container can access it
+  // Gracefully skip if not running as root (e.g., in unit tests)
+  try {
+    chownRecursive(sslDbPath, 13, 13);
+  } catch (err: unknown) {
+    if ((err as NodeJS.ErrnoException).code !== 'EPERM') throw err;
+    logger.debug('Skipping SSL db chown (not running as root)');
+  }
+
   logger.debug(`SSL certificate database initialized at: ${sslDbPath}`);
   return sslDbPath;
 }