feat(bluetooth): add common data types (IDFGH-16961)

[acouvreur]

Description

This pull request adds the definition for the bluetooth common data types found https://www.bluetooth.com/wp-content/uploads/Files/Specification/HTML/Assigned_Numbers/out/en/Assigned_Numbers.pdf section 2.3.

The constant names are based on the bluetooth common data type "Name" column.

I've updated just a single example for now. If maintainers agree with that change, I can update more/all of the examples.

Related

Closes #18014

Testing

Simply run the updated examples.

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Checklist

Before submitting a Pull Request, please ensure the following:

• 🚨 This PR does not introduce breaking changes.
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• Documentation is updated as needed.
• Tests are updated or added as necessary.
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Note

Introduce standardized BLE advertising data type macros in bt_common.h and update the BLE 5.0 throughput server example to use them.

• Common/Headers:
  • Add BLE advertising data type macros in components/bt/common/include/bt_common.h (e.g., BT_AD_TYPE_FLAGS, service lists, local name, TX power, manufacturer data, etc.).
• Examples:
  • Update examples/.../example_ble_server_throughput.c to #include "bt_common.h" and replace hardcoded AD type bytes in ext_adv_raw_data with the new macros.

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