constructors for multi-ary expressions with operand type

[kroening]

This adds a new constructor to the base class multi_ary_exprt and classes derived from that. The new constructor takes a non-empty sequence of operands, and takes the type of the expression from the type of the first operand.

• Each commit message has a non-empty body, explaining why the change was made.
• Methods or procedures I have added are documented, following the guidelines provided in CODING_STANDARD.md.
• The feature or user visible behaviour I have added or modified has been documented in the User Guide in doc/cprover-manual/
• Regression or unit tests are included, or existing tests cover the modified code (in this case I have detailed which ones those are in the commit message).
• n/a My commit message includes data points confirming performance improvements (if claimed).
• My PR is restricted to a single feature or bugfix.
• n/a White-space or formatting changes outside the feature-related changed lines are in commits of their own.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 80.00%. Comparing base (ee19dd7) to head (fea38c0).
⚠️ Report is 6 commits behind head on develop.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff            @@
##           develop    #8808   +/-   ##
========================================
  Coverage    80.00%   80.00%           
========================================
  Files         1700     1700           
  Lines       188257   188257           
  Branches        73       73           
========================================
  Hits        150615   150615           
  Misses       37642    37642           

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.
• 📦 JS Bundle Analysis: Save yourself from yourself by tracking and limiting bundle sizes in JS merges.