Rewrite byte_extract from multi-dimensional array

[tautschnig]

As a follow-up to 78839a9: add support for rewriting multiple-of-element size access to arrays when working with multi-dimensional arrays.

Fixes: #8796

• Each commit message has a non-empty body, explaining why the change was made.
• n/a Methods or procedures I have added are documented, following the guidelines provided in CODING_STANDARD.md.
• n/a The feature or user visible behaviour I have added or modified has been documented in the User Guide in doc/cprover-manual/
• Regression or unit tests are included, or existing tests cover the modified code (in this case I have detailed which ones those are in the commit message).
• n/a My commit message includes data points confirming performance improvements (if claimed).
• My PR is restricted to a single feature or bugfix.
• n/a White-space or formatting changes outside the feature-related changed lines are in commits of their own.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 80.01%. Comparing base (76dd20f) to head (4f514db).

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           develop    #8705      +/-   ##
===========================================
+ Coverage    80.00%   80.01%   +0.01%     
===========================================
  Files         1700     1700              
  Lines       188249   188261      +12     
  Branches        73       73              
===========================================
+ Hits        150615   150646      +31     
+ Misses       37634    37615      -19     

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[tautschnig]

Now includes a minified version of the sample provided in #8796 to confirm the desired effect of the simplification improvement.

[rod-chapman]

Can we push this to the top of the queue to be reviewed please? This is blocking progress on mldsa-native.