Fix examples with Bazel@HEAD

[kotlaja]

This PR fixes multiple errors from the Downstream:

1. Error with catch2 (mentioned in [Bazel CI] ERROR: Analysis of //:catch2_test failed due to missing cc_library load in external dependency #657) - Fix is updating its version.
2. Error with loads in toolchains_llvm - Fix is updating its version.
3. Error with toolchains_protoc (name 'proto_library' is not defined) - Fix is removing toolchains_protoc since it was overriding an incompatible version of toolchain.
4. Error with incompatible_use_toolchain_transition - Seemed to be fixed with upgrade of toolchains_llvm.

Also, updated links for documentation which were not working.

[kotlaja]

Regarding BazelCI error:

ERROR: /var/lib/buildkite-agent/.cache/bazel/_bazel_buildkite-agent/ae0c8c8707a22b569ed3ce7542eb6c9c/external/rules_rust++i+rules_rust_tinyjson/BUILD.bazel:4:37: Compiling Rust (without process_wrapper) rlib tinyjson (4 files) [for tool] failed: Exec failed due to IOException: The file type of '/var/lib/buildkite-agent/.cache/bazel/_bazel_buildkite-agent/ae0c8c8707a22b569ed3ce7542eb6c9c/external/toolchains_llvm++llvm+llvm_toolchain/bin/clang-format' is not supported

I can't reproduce the error, It passes locally for me.
Command I am using is bazel run ... inside rust-examples/02-hello-cross workspace.

[meteorcloudy]

Did you try in gcr.io/bazel-public/ubuntu2204?

[kotlaja]

Didd you try in gcr.io/bazel-public/ubuntu2204?

I tried it now and it still passes, hmm

[gregestren]

As an aside, does anyone know why the CI badge on https://github.com/bazelbuild/examples is red even though the main branch is consistently green?

[gregestren]

As an aside, does anyone know why the CI badge on https://github.com/bazelbuild/examples is red even though the main branch is consistently green?

I guess https://buildkite.com/bazel/bazel-bazel-examples/settings/badges explains it:

• https://badge.buildkite.com/260bbace6a4067a3c60539a31fed1191d341a24cb0bfeb0e23.svg - red
• https://badge.buildkite.com/260bbace6a4067a3c60539a31fed1191d341a24cb0bfeb0e23.svg?branch=main - green

Which is the better signal for this repo?