feat: add Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web

- Add Tim Berners-Lee person with portrait and full biography
- Add 4 works: World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, URL
- Add 2 institutions: CERN (birthplace of the Web), University of Oxford
- All edges connected: Tim Berners-Lee created his works and has affiliations
  with CERN, MIT, and Oxford

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.5 <[email protected]>

Author: wallstromsimon

src/assets/images/entities/tim-berners-lee.jpg

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+---
+id: cern
+type: institution
+name: CERN
+kind: laboratory
+era: 1950s–present
+location: Geneva, Switzerland
+domains:
+  - Computing
+  - Physics
+  - Networking
+edges: []
+links:
+  - label: Wikipedia
+    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CERN
+  - label: Official Site
+    url: https://home.cern/
+  - label: Birth of the Web
+    url: https://home.cern/science/computing/birth-web
+---
+
+CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research (from the French "Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire"), is the world's largest particle physics laboratory. Founded in 1954, CERN operates the Large Hadron Collider and has made fundamental contributions to both physics and computing—most notably as the birthplace of the World Wide Web.
+
+## Origins
+
+CERN was established in 1954 by twelve European nations seeking to rebuild European science after World War II and provide peaceful applications for nuclear physics<sup><a href="#source-1">[1]</a></sup>. Located on the Franco-Swiss border near Geneva, CERN has grown to include 23 member states and thousands of scientists from around the world.
+
+## The Birthplace of the Web
+
+CERN's most profound contribution to computing came from an unlikely source: a proposal to solve information management problems.
+
+In 1989, British computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee submitted a paper titled "Information Management: A Proposal" to address the challenge of sharing information among CERN's geographically dispersed researchers. His supervisor's response—"vague, but exciting"—became one of history's great understatements<sup><a href="#source-2">[2]</a></sup>.
+
+By December 1990, Berners-Lee had created all the components of the World Wide Web:
+
+- The first web browser and editor (WorldWideWeb)
+- The first web server
+- HTML, HTTP, and URLs
+
+The first website, info.cern.ch, went live at CERN on December 20, 1990.
+
+## Making the Web Free
+
+In April 1993, CERN made a decision that changed history: releasing the Web's technology into the public domain, royalty-free<sup><a href="#source-3">[3]</a></sup>. This ensured that the Web would remain open and accessible, enabling the explosive growth that followed.
+
+## Computing Contributions
+
+Beyond the Web, CERN has contributed significantly to computing:
+
+- **ROOT**: A data analysis framework used throughout high-energy physics
+- **GEANT**: Particle physics simulation software
+- **Grid computing**: Pioneered distributed computing for processing Large Hadron Collider data
+- **Open Source**: Strong tradition of releasing software as open source
+
+## Legacy
+
+CERN demonstrates how fundamental research can yield unexpected practical benefits. A laboratory built to study particle physics produced the technology that transformed human communication and commerce. Today, over 5 billion people use the Web—a tool created to help physicists share their data.
+
+---
+
+## Sources
+
+1. <span id="source-1"></span>Wikipedia. ["CERN."](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CERN) History and
+   overview of the organization.
+2. <span id="source-2"></span>CERN. ["The birth of the
+   Web."](https://home.cern/science/computing/birth-web) Official account of Web development at
+   CERN.
+3. <span id="source-3"></span>CERN. ["A short history of the
+   Web."](https://home.cern/science/computing/birth-web/short-history-web) Timeline including the
+   1993 public domain release.

src/content/institutions/cern.mdx

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+---
+id: university-of-oxford
+type: institution
+name: University of Oxford
+kind: university
+era: 1090s–present
+location: Oxford, England, UK
+domains:
+  - Computing
+  - Mathematics
+  - Science
+edges: []
+links:
+  - label: Wikipedia
+    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oxford
+  - label: Official Site
+    url: https://www.ox.ac.uk/
+  - label: Department of Computer Science
+    url: https://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/
+---
+
+The University of Oxford is the oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of the most prestigious academic institutions globally. Founded in 1096, Oxford has educated numerous influential figures in computing, mathematics, and science, continuing to shape technology through its world-class research.
+
+## Computing History
+
+Oxford has been connected to computing since its earliest days:
+
+**Charles Babbage**: Though primarily associated with Cambridge, Babbage's work on mechanical computation influenced Oxford's mathematical tradition.
+
+**Alan Turing**: Studied mathematics at King's College, Cambridge, but his foundational work on computability influenced mathematical logic at Oxford.
+
+**Tim Berners-Lee**: Studied physics at The Queen's College, graduating with first-class honours in 1976. During his time at Oxford, he built his first computer from spare parts<sup><a href="#source-1">[1]</a></sup>. He returned to Oxford in 2016 as a professor in the Department of Computer Science.
+
+## Department of Computer Science
+
+Oxford's Department of Computer Science has become a leading research center, particularly in:
+
+- **Programming languages**: Formal methods and functional programming
+- **Verification**: Proving correctness of software and hardware
+- **Machine learning**: Statistical and neural approaches
+- **Cybersecurity**: Theory and practice of secure systems
+
+## Notable Contributions
+
+Oxford has contributed to computing through:
+
+- **Hoare Logic**: Tony Hoare developed his axiomatic semantics for program correctness while at Oxford
+- **Z notation**: Formal specification language developed at Oxford
+- **Semantic Web**: Research on meaning and reasoning on the Web
+- **Deep learning**: Contributions to neural network architectures and theory
+
+## Legacy
+
+Oxford's rigorous approach to mathematics and logic has shaped how we think about computation itself. From the foundations of programming language theory to modern machine learning, Oxford researchers continue to advance both the theory and practice of computing.
+
+---
+
+## Sources
+
+1. <span id="source-1"></span>University of Oxford. ["Sir Tim Berners-Lee joins Oxford's Department
+   of Computer
+   Science."](https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2016-10-27-sir-tim-berners-lee-joins-oxfords-department-computer-science)
+   Announcement of Berners-Lee's return to Oxford.
+2. <span id="source-2"></span>Wikipedia. ["University of
+   Oxford."](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oxford) History and overview of the
+   university.

src/content/institutions/university-of-oxford.mdx

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+---
+id: tim-berners-lee
+type: person
+name: Tim Berners-Lee
+title: Inventor of the World Wide Web
+era: 1980s–present
+domains:
+  - Computing
+  - Networking
+  - Information Systems
+edges:
+  - target: world-wide-web
+    kind: influence
+    label: created
+    year: 1989
+  - target: html
+    kind: influence
+    label: created
+    year: 1990
+  - target: http
+    kind: influence
+    label: created
+    year: 1991
+  - target: url
+    kind: influence
+    label: created
+    year: 1994
+  - target: cern
+    kind: affiliation
+    label: worked at
+    year: 1984
+  - target: massachusetts-institute-of-technology
+    kind: affiliation
+    label: professor at
+    year: 1994
+  - target: university-of-oxford
+    kind: affiliation
+    label: studied at
+    year: 1976
+signatureWorks:
+  - world-wide-web
+  - html
+  - http
+  - url
+whyYouCare:
+  - Invented the World Wide Web, the most transformative information technology since the printing press
+  - Created HTML, HTTP, and URLs—the foundational technologies that power every website
+  - Championed making the Web royalty-free, ensuring it remained open and accessible to all
+  - Received the 2016 Turing Award for inventing the Web and the protocols that allowed it to scale
+links:
+  - label: Wikipedia
+    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee
+  - label: W3C - Personal Page
+    url: https://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/
+  - label: World Wide Web Foundation
+    url: https://webfoundation.org/about/sir-tim-berners-lee/
+  - label: Wikimedia Commons
+    url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tim_Berners-Lee
+image:
+  file: ../../assets/images/entities/tim-berners-lee.jpg
+  source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee_(cropped).jpg
+  license: CC BY-SA 4.0
+  author: Paul Clarke (2014)
+---
+
+Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee (born June 8, 1955), known as TimBL, is a British computer scientist who invented the World Wide Web in 1989. His creation transformed the Internet from a tool for specialists into a global platform that billions of people use daily for communication, commerce, education, and entertainment.
+
+## Early Life and Education
+
+Berners-Lee was born in London to parents who were both mathematicians. His mother, Mary Lee Woods, and father, Conway Berners-Lee, had worked together on the Ferranti Mark 1—one of the first commercial computers<sup><a href="#source-1">[1]</a></sup>. Growing up in such a household, young Tim developed an early fascination with electronics and computing.
+
+He attended The Queen's College, Oxford, where he studied physics, graduating with first-class honours in 1976. During his time at Oxford, he built his first computer using a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor, and an old television set.
+
+## Path to the Web
+
+After graduation, Berners-Lee worked at several companies before a pivotal six-month stint as a software consultant at CERN in 1980. There, he wrote a program called ENQUIRE for his own use—a notebook program that stored information with links between entries. This early experiment with hypertext planted the seeds of what would become the Web<sup><a href="#source-2">[2]</a></sup>.
+
+He returned to CERN as a fellow in 1984. The laboratory housed thousands of scientists from around the world, each using different computers with incompatible systems. Information was scattered across countless machines, and finding anything required knowing exactly where to look.
+
+## Inventing the Web
+
+On March 12, 1989, Berners-Lee submitted a proposal titled "Information Management: A Proposal" to address CERN's information-sharing challenges. His supervisor, Mike Sendall, wrote on it: "Vague, but exciting."
+
+By December 1990, working with colleague Robert Cailliau, Berners-Lee had built all the components of a working Web<sup><a href="#source-3">[3]</a></sup>:
+
+- **HTML** (HyperText Markup Language) for creating documents
+- **HTTP** (HyperText Transfer Protocol) for transmitting them
+- **URLs** (Uniform Resource Locators) for addressing them
+- The first **web browser** (called WorldWideWeb), running on a NeXT computer
+- The first **web server**
+
+On December 20, 1990, the first website went live at info.cern.ch.
+
+## Making the Web Free
+
+Perhaps Berners-Lee's most consequential decision was advocating for the Web to be free. In April 1993, CERN released the Web's underlying technology into the public domain, royalty-free, forever.
+
+This decision—which Berners-Lee actively championed—ensured that anyone could create websites, build browsers, or innovate on the platform without asking permission or paying fees. The open Web sparked a global explosion of creativity and commerce.
+
+## W3C and Continued Leadership
+
+In 1994, Berners-Lee moved to MIT, where he founded the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to develop web standards and ensure the Web's long-term growth<sup><a href="#source-4">[4]</a></sup>. He continues to direct W3C and holds professorships at both MIT and Oxford.
+
+In 2009, he established the World Wide Web Foundation to advance the open Web as a public good. More recently, he co-founded Inrupt, a company developing the Solid platform to give individuals control over their personal data.
+
+## Honors and Recognition
+
+Berners-Lee has received numerous honors:
+
+- Knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 2004 "for services to the global development of the Internet"
+- Awarded the Order of Merit in 2007 (one of only 24 living members)
+- Received the 2016 ACM Turing Award "for inventing the World Wide Web, the first web browser, and the fundamental protocols and algorithms allowing the Web to scale"
+- Featured in the 2012 London Olympics opening ceremony, where he tweeted "This is for everyone" from a vintage NeXT computer
+
+## Legacy
+
+The Web's impact on human civilization is almost impossible to overstate. Over 5 billion people now use it. It has transformed commerce, communication, education, entertainment, politics, and countless other domains.
+
+Berners-Lee's vision was not just technical but philosophical: information should be free, universal, and accessible to all. He could have become a billionaire by commercializing the Web. Instead, he gave it away—and in doing so, changed the world.
+
+---
+
+## Sources
+
+1. <span id="source-1"></span>ACM. ["Sir Tim Berners-Lee - A.M. Turing Award
+   Laureate."](https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/berners-lee_8087960.cfm) Official biography
+   and Turing Award citation.
+2. <span id="source-2"></span>CERN. ["The birth of the
+   Web."](https://home.cern/science/computing/birth-web) Official account of the Web's origins at
+   CERN.
+3. <span id="source-3"></span>CERN. ["A short history of the
+   Web."](https://home.cern/science/computing/birth-web/short-history-web) Timeline of the Web's
+   development.
+4. <span id="source-4"></span>World Wide Web Foundation. ["Sir Tim
+   Berners-Lee."](https://webfoundation.org/about/sir-tim-berners-lee/) Biography and ongoing work.

src/content/people/tim-berners-lee.mdx

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+---
+id: html
+type: work
+name: HTML
+kind: standard
+era: 1990–present
+year: 1990
+domains:
+  - Computing
+  - Networking
+  - Information Systems
+edges:
+  - target: world-wide-web
+    kind: influence
+    label: built_on
+    year: 1990
+links:
+  - label: Wikipedia
+    url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML
+  - label: W3C HTML Specification
+    url: https://html.spec.whatwg.org/
+  - label: MDN Web Docs
+    url: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML
+---
+
+HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in web browsers. Created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990 as a core component of the World Wide Web, HTML provides the structure and content of web pages, enabling the hypertext linking that makes the Web navigable.
+
+## Origins
+
+When Tim Berners-Lee designed the World Wide Web at CERN, he needed a simple way to create documents that could link to each other. Drawing inspiration from SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), he created HTML—a streamlined markup language that anyone could learn<sup><a href="#source-1">[1]</a></sup>.
+
+The first version of HTML was deliberately simple. Berners-Lee defined just 18 tags, including:
+
+- `<a>` for hyperlinks (the revolutionary feature)
+- `<h1>` through `<h6>` for headings
+- `<p>` for paragraphs
+- `<ul>` and `<ol>` for lists
+
+This simplicity was intentional. Berners-Lee wanted scientists—not just programmers—to be able to create web pages.
+
+## The Hyperlink Revolution
+
+The `<a>` tag, which creates hyperlinks, was HTML's most important innovation. By clicking a link, users could instantly jump to another document anywhere on the Web. This simple mechanism transformed how humans navigate information<sup><a href="#source-2">[2]</a></sup>.
+
+Before hyperlinks, finding related information meant manual searches through indexes, catalogs, or citations. Hyperlinks made knowledge exploration seamless and intuitive.
+
+## Evolution
+
+HTML has evolved significantly since 1990:
+
+- **HTML 2.0 (1995)**: First formal specification as an IETF standard
+- **HTML 4.01 (1999)**: Added frames, scripting support, and stylesheets
+- **XHTML (2000)**: Reformulated HTML as XML for stricter syntax
+- **HTML5 (2014)**: Major revision adding video, audio, canvas, and semantic elements
+
+HTML5, developed by the WHATWG and W3C, brought native multimedia support, eliminating the need for plugins like Flash for common tasks<sup><a href="#source-3">[3]</a></sup>.
+
+## Design Philosophy
+
+HTML's success stems from several key principles:
+
+- **Forgiveness**: Browsers render malformed HTML as best they can, rather than failing
+- **Separation of concerns**: HTML handles structure; CSS handles presentation; JavaScript handles behavior
+- **Accessibility**: Semantic elements help screen readers and other assistive technologies
+- **Backward compatibility**: New features don't break old pages
+
+## Impact
+
+HTML democratized publishing. Before the Web, reaching a global audience required publishers, broadcasters, or significant capital. With HTML, anyone with a text editor could publish to the world.
+
+Today, there are over 1.9 billion websites. Every one of them uses HTML.
+
+---
+
+## Sources
+
+1. <span id="source-1"></span>Wikipedia. ["HTML."](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML) Comprehensive
+   overview of HTML's history and features.
+2. <span id="source-2"></span>W3C. ["A Little History of the World Wide
+   Web."](https://www.w3.org/History.html) Documents HTML's role in the early Web.
+3. <span id="source-3"></span>WHATWG. ["HTML Living Standard."](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/) The
+   current HTML specification maintained by the Web community.