When using the diff-highlight settings, the color.diff.whitespace color is sometimes overridden because the trailing whitespace error becomes colored by highlight instead. This seems to happen at least when the block of change is a single line that is changed to introduce whitespace error. In other words, something like:
-this is a changed line
+this is a changed line(WHITESPACE)
This will color the trailing whitespace in highlight instead of color.diff.whitespace.