feat: Make SQL schema exclusion configurable by users

[edgarrmondragon]

Feature scope

Targets (data type handling, batching, SQL object generation, tests, etc.)

Description

Related:

• Following from feat(taps): Allow SQL tap developers to auto-skip certain schemas from discovery #2482
• Motivated by fix: Exclude information_schema and pg_catalog from discovery MeltanoLabs/tap-postgres#551 (comment)