From 943692900b7c56f1a5c701070bdd41400b8f715c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: gpteth <1324104531@qq.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Sep 2025 00:30:51 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] minigrep

minigrep
---
 minigrep/.gitignore                 |   1 +
 minigrep/Cargo.lock                 |   7 +
 minigrep/Cargo.toml                 |  77 ++++
 minigrep/README.md                  | 677 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 minigrep/poem.txt                   |  39 ++
 minigrep/src/lib.rs                 | 585 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 minigrep/src/main.rs                | 620 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 minigrep/story.txt                  |  62 +++
 minigrep/tests/integration_tests.rs | 383 ++++++++++++++++
 9 files changed, 2451 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 minigrep/.gitignore
 create mode 100644 minigrep/Cargo.lock
 create mode 100644 minigrep/Cargo.toml
 create mode 100644 minigrep/README.md
 create mode 100644 minigrep/poem.txt
 create mode 100644 minigrep/src/lib.rs
 create mode 100644 minigrep/src/main.rs
 create mode 100644 minigrep/story.txt
 create mode 100644 minigrep/tests/integration_tests.rs

diff --git a/minigrep/.gitignore b/minigrep/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea8c4bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/minigrep/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/target
diff --git a/minigrep/Cargo.lock b/minigrep/Cargo.lock
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1511dd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/minigrep/Cargo.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 4
+
+[[package]]
+name = "minigrep"
+version = "0.1.0"
diff --git a/minigrep/Cargo.toml b/minigrep/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fc5060
--- /dev/null
+++ b/minigrep/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+[package]
+name = "minigrep"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+authors = ["Rust学习者 <learner@example.com>"]
+description = "一个用于学习Rust语法的minigrep项目 - 文本搜索工具"
+license = "MIT"
+readme = "README.md"
+repository = "https://github.com/example/minigrep"
+keywords = ["cli", "search", "text", "grep", "rust-learning"]
+categories = ["command-line-utilities", "text-processing"]
+
+# 二进制目标配置
+[[bin]]
+name = "minigrep"
+path = "src/main.rs"
+
+# 库目标配置
+[lib]
+name = "minigrep"
+path = "src/lib.rs"
+
+# 依赖项 - 演示如何管理外部crate
+[dependencies]
+# 用于环境变量处理的示例依赖
+# serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
+# clap = { version = "4.0", features = ["derive"] }
+
+# 开发依赖 - 仅在测试和开发时使用
+[dev-dependencies]
+# 用于更好的测试断言
+# assert_cmd = "2.0"
+# predicates = "3.0"
+
+# 编译配置
+[profile.dev]
+# 开发模式：快速编译，包含调试信息
+opt-level = 0
+debug = true
+split-debuginfo = "unpacked"
+debug-assertions = true
+overflow-checks = true
+lto = false
+panic = "unwind"
+incremental = true
+codegen-units = 256
+rpath = false
+
+[profile.release]
+# 发布模式：优化性能
+opt-level = 3
+debug = false
+split-debuginfo = "packed"
+debug-assertions = false
+overflow-checks = false
+lto = true
+panic = "abort"
+incremental = false
+codegen-units = 1
+rpath = false
+
+# 文档配置
+[package.metadata.docs.rs]
+all-features = true
+rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
+
+# 示例配置已移除 - 可以通过 cargo run -- --example 查看示例
+
+# 特性标志 - 演示条件编译
+[features]
+default = []
+# 启用彩色输出
+color = []
+# 启用正则表达式支持
+regex = []
+# 启用性能分析
+profiling = []
diff --git a/minigrep/README.md b/minigrep/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e94b0f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/minigrep/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,677 @@
+# Minigrep - Rust 学习项目
+
+🦀 一个用于学习 Rust 编程语言的文本搜索工具
+
+## 📖 项目简介
+
+`minigrep` 是一个简化版的 `grep` 命令行工具，专门设计用于学习和演示 Rust 编程语言的核心概念。这个项目涵盖了 Rust 的所有重要特性，从基础语法到高级概念。
+
+## 🎯 学习目标
+
+通过这个项目，你将学习到以下 Rust 概念：
+
+### 1. 变量和数据类型
+- **不可变变量**：Rust 默认变量不可变
+- **可变变量**：使用 `mut` 关键字
+- **基本类型**：`i32`, `f64`, `bool`, `char`
+- **复合类型**：元组 `(T1, T2)` 和数组 `[T; N]`
+- **字符串类型**：`&str` (字符串切片) 和 `String` (拥有的字符串)
+
+```rust
+// 不可变变量
+let x = 5;
+
+// 可变变量
+let mut y = 10;
+y = 15;
+
+// 类型注解
+let z: i32 = 42;
+
+// 字符串类型
+let slice: &str = "Hello";
+let owned: String = String::from("World");
+```
+
+### 2. 函数
+- **函数定义**：使用 `fn` 关键字
+- **参数和返回值**：类型注解和返回类型
+- **表达式 vs 语句**：Rust 是基于表达式的语言
+
+```rust
+fn add(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 {
+    a + b  // 表达式，自动返回
+}
+
+fn greet(name: &str) {
+    println!("Hello, {}!", name);  // 语句
+}
+```
+
+### 3. 流程控制
+- **条件语句**：`if`, `else if`, `else`
+- **模式匹配**：`match` 表达式
+- **循环**：`for`, `while`, `loop`
+
+```rust
+// if 表达式
+let number = if condition { 5 } else { 6 };
+
+// match 表达式
+match value {
+    1 => println!("One"),
+    2 | 3 => println!("Two or Three"),
+    _ => println!("Something else"),
+}
+
+// for 循环
+for i in 0..10 {
+    println!("{}", i);
+}
+```
+
+### 4. 所有权系统 (Ownership)
+- **所有权规则**：每个值都有一个所有者
+- **移动语义**：所有权转移
+- **借用**：引用而不获取所有权
+- **生命周期**：引用的有效范围
+
+```rust
+// 所有权转移
+let s1 = String::from("hello");
+let s2 = s1;  // s1 不再有效
+
+// 借用
+let s3 = String::from("world");
+let len = calculate_length(&s3);  // 借用 s3
+// s3 仍然有效
+
+fn calculate_length(s: &String) -> usize {
+    s.len()
+}
+```
+
+### 5. 结构体 (Structs)
+- **定义结构体**：自定义数据类型
+- **方法**：结构体的关联函数
+- **关联函数**：类似静态方法
+
+```rust
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Rectangle {
+    width: u32,
+    height: u32,
+}
+
+impl Rectangle {
+    // 方法
+    fn area(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.width * self.height
+    }
+    
+    // 关联函数
+    fn square(size: u32) -> Rectangle {
+        Rectangle {
+            width: size,
+            height: size,
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### 6. 枚举和模式匹配
+- **枚举定义**：多种可能的值
+- **Option 类型**：处理可能为空的值
+- **Result 类型**：错误处理
+
+```rust
+enum IpAddrKind {
+    V4,
+    V6,
+}
+
+enum IpAddr {
+    V4(u8, u8, u8, u8),
+    V6(String),
+}
+
+// Option 类型
+let some_number = Some(5);
+let absent_number: Option<i32> = None;
+
+// Result 类型
+fn divide(a: f64, b: f64) -> Result<f64, String> {
+    if b == 0.0 {
+        Err("Division by zero".to_string())
+    } else {
+        Ok(a / b)
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### 7. 集合类型
+- **Vector**：动态数组
+- **HashMap**：键值对映射
+- **String**：UTF-8 字符串
+
+```rust
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+// Vector
+let mut v = Vec::new();
+v.push(1);
+v.push(2);
+v.push(3);
+
+// HashMap
+let mut scores = HashMap::new();
+scores.insert(String::from("Blue"), 10);
+scores.insert(String::from("Yellow"), 50);
+
+// 迭代器
+let doubled: Vec<i32> = v.iter().map(|x| x * 2).collect();
+```
+
+### 8. 错误处理
+- **panic!**：不可恢复的错误
+- **Result<T, E>**：可恢复的错误
+- **? 操作符**：错误传播
+
+```rust
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::ErrorKind;
+
+// 使用 match 处理 Result
+let f = File::open("hello.txt");
+let f = match f {
+    Ok(file) => file,
+    Err(error) => match error.kind() {
+        ErrorKind::NotFound => {
+            panic!("File not found!");
+        }
+        other_error => {
+            panic!("Problem opening file: {:?}", other_error);
+        }
+    },
+};
+
+// 使用 ? 操作符
+fn read_username_from_file() -> Result<String, io::Error> {
+    let mut f = File::open("hello.txt")?;
+    let mut s = String::new();
+    f.read_to_string(&mut s)?;
+    Ok(s)
+}
+```
+
+### 9. 泛型、Trait 和生命周期
+- **泛型**：代码复用
+- **Trait**：共享行为
+- **生命周期**：引用有效性
+
+```rust
+// 泛型结构体
+struct Point<T> {
+    x: T,
+    y: T,
+}
+
+// Trait 定义
+trait Summary {
+    fn summarize(&self) -> String;
+}
+
+// Trait 实现
+impl Summary for NewsArticle {
+    fn summarize(&self) -> String {
+        format!("{}, by {} ({})", self.headline, self.author, self.location)
+    }
+}
+
+// 生命周期
+fn longest<'a>(x: &'a str, y: &'a str) -> &'a str {
+    if x.len() > y.len() {
+        x
+    } else {
+        y
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### 10. 模块系统
+- **包 (Package)**：Cargo 功能，包含一个或多个 crate
+- **Crate**：模块树，产生库或可执行文件
+- **模块 (Module)**：组织代码，控制私有性
+- **路径 (Path)**：命名项的方式
+
+```rust
+// lib.rs
+pub mod front_of_house {
+    pub mod hosting {
+        pub fn add_to_waitlist() {}
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn eat_at_restaurant() {
+    // 绝对路径
+    crate::front_of_house::hosting::add_to_waitlist();
+    
+    // 相对路径
+    front_of_house::hosting::add_to_waitlist();
+}
+```
+
+## 🚀 快速开始
+
+### 安装 Rust
+
+```bash
+# 安装 Rust
+curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
+
+# 重新加载环境
+source ~/.cargo/env
+
+# 验证安装
+rustc --version
+cargo --version
+```
+
+### 运行项目
+
+```bash
+# 克隆或下载项目
+cd minigrep
+
+# 构建项目
+cargo build
+
+# 运行测试
+cargo test
+
+# 运行程序
+cargo run -- rust poem.txt
+
+# 查看帮助
+cargo run -- --help
+
+# 运行示例
+cargo run -- --example
+```
+
+## 📋 使用方法
+
+### 基本搜索
+
+```bash
+# 在文件中搜索 "rust"
+cargo run -- rust poem.txt
+
+# 不区分大小写搜索
+IGNORE_CASE=1 cargo run -- RUST poem.txt
+
+# 显示行号
+cargo run -- --line-numbers rust poem.txt
+
+# 限制结果数量
+cargo run -- --max=5 rust poem.txt
+```
+
+### 高级功能
+
+```bash
+# 精确匹配
+cargo run -- --exact "Rust" poem.txt
+
+# 查看版本
+cargo run -- --version
+
+# 查看帮助
+cargo run -- --help
+
+# 运行语法示例
+cargo run -- --example
+```
+
+## 🏗️ 项目结构
+
+```
+minigrep/
+├── Cargo.toml          # 项目配置文件
+├── README.md           # 项目文档
+├── src/
+│   ├── lib.rs          # 库代码 - 核心功能
+│   └── main.rs         # 主程序 - 命令行接口
+├── tests/
+│   └── integration_tests.rs  # 集成测试
+├── poem.txt            # 示例文本文件
+└── story.txt           # 另一个示例文件
+```
+
+### 核心模块说明
+
+#### `lib.rs` - 核心库
+- **Config 结构体**：配置管理
+- **SearchResult 结构体**：搜索结果
+- **SearchMode 枚举**：搜索模式
+- **SearchStats 结构体**：统计信息
+- **搜索函数**：核心搜索逻辑
+- **错误处理**：自定义错误类型
+
+#### `main.rs` - 主程序
+- **命令行参数解析**
+- **用户界面**
+- **程序流程控制**
+- **示例代码演示**
+- **性能测试**
+
+## 🧪 测试
+
+项目包含全面的测试套件：
+
+```bash
+# 运行所有测试
+cargo test
+
+# 运行单元测试
+cargo test --lib
+
+# 运行集成测试
+cargo test --test integration_tests
+
+# 运行特定测试
+cargo test test_search_case_sensitive
+
+# 显示测试输出
+cargo test -- --nocapture
+
+# 运行文档测试
+cargo test --doc
+```
+
+### 测试覆盖的功能
+- ✅ 配置解析和验证
+- ✅ 各种搜索模式
+- ✅ 文件操作
+- ✅ 错误处理
+- ✅ 边界条件
+- ✅ 性能测试
+- ✅ Unicode 支持
+
+## 📚 Rust 概念详解
+
+### 内存安全
+
+Rust 通过所有权系统在编译时保证内存安全：
+
+```rust
+// 这会编译错误 - 使用已移动的值
+let s1 = String::from("hello");
+let s2 = s1;
+// println!("{}", s1); // 错误！s1 已被移动
+
+// 正确的方式 - 借用
+let s1 = String::from("hello");
+let s2 = &s1;  // 借用
+println!("{} {}", s1, s2);  // 正确！
+```
+
+### 零成本抽象
+
+Rust 的抽象不会带来运行时开销：
+
+```rust
+// 这个迭代器链会被编译器优化为简单的循环
+let sum: i32 = (0..1_000_000)
+    .filter(|x| x % 2 == 0)
+    .map(|x| x * x)
+    .sum();
+```
+
+### 并发安全
+
+Rust 的类型系统防止数据竞争：
+
+```rust
+use std::thread;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+
+let counter = Arc::new(Mutex::new(0));
+let mut handles = vec![];
+
+for _ in 0..10 {
+    let counter = Arc::clone(&counter);
+    let handle = thread::spawn(move || {
+        let mut num = counter.lock().unwrap();
+        *num += 1;
+    });
+    handles.push(handle);
+}
+
+for handle in handles {
+    handle.join().unwrap();
+}
+```
+
+## 🔧 高级特性
+
+### 自定义 Derive
+
+```rust
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+struct Point {
+    x: i32,
+    y: i32,
+}
+```
+
+### 宏 (Macros)
+
+```rust
+// 声明式宏
+macro_rules! vec {
+    ( $( $x:expr ),* ) => {
+        {
+            let mut temp_vec = Vec::new();
+            $(
+                temp_vec.push($x);
+            )*
+            temp_vec
+        }
+    };
+}
+```
+
+### 异步编程
+
+```rust
+use tokio;
+
+#[tokio::main]
+async fn main() {
+    let result = fetch_data().await;
+    println!("Result: {:?}", result);
+}
+
+async fn fetch_data() -> Result<String, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    // 异步操作
+    Ok("Data".to_string())
+}
+```
+
+## 🎨 最佳实践
+
+### 1. 错误处理
+
+```rust
+// 使用 Result 类型
+fn parse_number(s: &str) -> Result<i32, std::num::ParseIntError> {
+    s.parse()
+}
+
+// 使用 ? 操作符传播错误
+fn process_numbers(input: &str) -> Result<i32, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    let num1 = parse_number(input)?;
+    let num2 = parse_number("42")?;
+    Ok(num1 + num2)
+}
+```
+
+### 2. 迭代器使用
+
+```rust
+// 函数式编程风格
+let results: Vec<_> = data
+    .iter()
+    .filter(|&&x| x > 0)
+    .map(|&x| x * 2)
+    .collect();
+
+// 链式调用
+let sum: i32 = numbers
+    .iter()
+    .filter(|&&x| x % 2 == 0)
+    .sum();
+```
+
+### 3. 模式匹配
+
+```rust
+// 解构
+match point {
+    Point { x: 0, y } => println!("On the y axis at {}", y),
+    Point { x, y: 0 } => println!("On the x axis at {}", x),
+    Point { x, y } => println!("On neither axis: ({}, {})", x, y),
+}
+
+// if let 简化
+if let Some(value) = optional_value {
+    println!("Got: {}", value);
+}
+```
+
+## 🔍 性能优化
+
+### 1. 避免不必要的分配
+
+```rust
+// 好：使用字符串切片
+fn process_text(text: &str) -> &str {
+    text.trim()
+}
+
+// 避免：不必要的 String 分配
+fn process_text_bad(text: &str) -> String {
+    text.trim().to_string()  // 不必要的分配
+}
+```
+
+### 2. 使用适当的集合类型
+
+```rust
+// 已知大小时使用数组
+let fixed_size: [i32; 5] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+
+// 动态大小时使用 Vec
+let mut dynamic: Vec<i32> = Vec::with_capacity(100);  // 预分配容量
+
+// 键值对使用 HashMap
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+let mut map: HashMap<String, i32> = HashMap::new();
+```
+
+## 🛠️ 开发工具
+
+### Cargo 命令
+
+```bash
+# 创建新项目
+cargo new my_project
+cargo new --lib my_library
+
+# 构建和运行
+cargo build          # 调试构建
+cargo build --release  # 发布构建
+cargo run            # 运行
+cargo test           # 测试
+
+# 代码检查
+cargo check          # 快速检查
+cargo clippy         # 代码质量检查
+cargo fmt            # 代码格式化
+
+# 文档
+cargo doc            # 生成文档
+cargo doc --open     # 生成并打开文档
+```
+
+### 有用的工具
+
+```bash
+# 安装额外工具
+rustup component add clippy  # 代码检查工具
+rustup component add rustfmt # 代码格式化工具
+
+# 性能分析
+cargo install flamegraph
+cargo flamegraph --bin minigrep
+
+# 基准测试
+cargo install criterion
+```
+
+## 📖 学习资源
+
+### 官方资源
+- [Rust 官方网站](https://www.rust-lang.org/)
+- [Rust 程序设计语言](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/)
+- [Rust 标准库文档](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/)
+- [Rust 参考手册](https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/)
+
+### 社区资源
+- [Rust 用户论坛](https://users.rust-lang.org/)
+- [Rust 官方 Discord](https://discord.gg/rust-lang)
+- [This Week in Rust](https://this-week-in-rust.org/)
+- [Awesome Rust](https://github.com/rust-unofficial/awesome-rust)
+
+### 练习项目
+- [Rustlings](https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings) - 小练习
+- [Rust by Example](https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/) - 示例代码
+- [Exercism Rust Track](https://exercism.org/tracks/rust) - 编程练习
+
+## 🤝 贡献
+
+欢迎贡献代码、报告问题或提出改进建议！
+
+### 开发流程
+
+1. Fork 项目
+2. 创建特性分支 (`git checkout -b feature/amazing-feature`)
+3. 提交更改 (`git commit -m 'Add some amazing feature'`)
+4. 推送到分支 (`git push origin feature/amazing-feature`)
+5. 打开 Pull Request
+
+### 代码规范
+
+```bash
+# 运行所有检查
+cargo fmt --all -- --check
+cargo clippy --all-targets --all-features -- -D warnings
+cargo test
+```
+
+## 📄 许可证
+
+本项目采用 MIT 许可证 - 查看 [LICENSE](LICENSE) 文件了解详情。
+
+## 🙏 致谢
+
+- Rust 团队和社区
+- 《Rust 程序设计语言》一书的作者
+- 所有为 Rust 生态系统做出贡献的开发者
+
+---
+
+**Happy Coding with Rust! 🦀**
+
+如果你觉得这个项目有帮助，请给它一个 ⭐️！
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/minigrep/poem.txt b/minigrep/poem.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87ee5de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/minigrep/poem.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+I'm nobody! Who are you?
+Are you nobody, too?
+Then there's a pair of us - don't tell!
+They'd banish us, you know.
+
+How dreary to be somebody!
+How public, like a frog
+To tell your name the livelong day
+To an admiring bog!
+
+-- Emily Dickinson
+
+Rust is a systems programming language
+that runs blazingly fast, prevents segfaults,
+and guarantees thread safety.
+
+Rust empowers everyone
+to build reliable and efficient software.
+
+The Rust programming language helps you write faster, more reliable software.
+High-level ergonomics and low-level control are often at odds in programming language design;
+Rust challenges that tradeoff.
+
+Through balancing powerful technical capacity and a great developer experience,
+Rust gives you the option to control low-level details (such as memory usage)
+without all the hassle traditionally associated with such control.
+
+🦀 Rust 是一门系统编程语言
+专注于安全、速度和并发。
+
+Rust 的设计让你能够编写快速且安全的代码，
+同时避免了传统系统编程语言中的常见陷阱。
+
+无论你是经验丰富的系统程序员，
+还是刚刚开始学习编程，
+Rust 都能为你提供强大的工具和友好的社区支持。
+
+Welcome to the Rust community!
+Happy coding with Rust! 🚀
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/minigrep/src/lib.rs b/minigrep/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd87cab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/minigrep/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,585 @@
+//! # Minigrep 库
+//!
+//! 这是一个用于学习 Rust 语法的文本搜索工具库。
+//! 本文件演示了 Rust 中的各种核心概念：
+//! - 结构体和方法
+//! - 枚举和模式匹配
+//! - 错误处理
+//! - 所有权和借用
+//! - 生命周期
+//! - Trait 和泛型
+//! - 模块系统
+//! - 集合操作
+
+use std::error::Error;
+use std::fs;
+use std::env;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 1. 枚举和模式匹配 - 定义搜索模式
+// ============================================================================
+
+/// 搜索模式枚举 - 演示枚举的定义和使用
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub enum SearchMode {
+    /// 区分大小写搜索
+    CaseSensitive,
+    /// 不区分大小写搜索
+    CaseInsensitive,
+    /// 正则表达式搜索（演示带数据的枚举变体）
+    Regex(String),
+    /// 精确匹配
+    Exact,
+}
+
+// 为枚举实现方法
+impl SearchMode {
+    /// 从环境变量创建搜索模式
+    pub fn from_env() -> Self {
+        // 演示环境变量处理和模式匹配
+        match env::var("IGNORE_CASE") {
+            Ok(val) if !val.is_empty() => SearchMode::CaseInsensitive,
+            _ => SearchMode::CaseSensitive,
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /// 检查是否为大小写敏感模式
+    pub fn is_case_sensitive(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, SearchMode::CaseSensitive | SearchMode::Exact)
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 2. 结构体 - 配置结构体
+// ============================================================================
+
+/// 配置结构体 - 演示结构体定义、生命周期和所有权
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct Config {
+    /// 搜索查询字符串
+    pub query: String,
+    /// 文件路径
+    pub file_path: String,
+    /// 搜索模式
+    pub search_mode: SearchMode,
+    /// 是否显示行号
+    pub show_line_numbers: bool,
+    /// 最大结果数量（演示 Option 类型）
+    pub max_results: Option<usize>,
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 3. 实现块 - 为结构体添加方法
+// ============================================================================
+
+impl Config {
+    /// 构造函数 - 演示错误处理和 Result 类型
+    /// 
+    /// # 参数
+    /// * `args` - 命令行参数的迭代器
+    /// 
+    /// # 返回值
+    /// * `Result<Config, &'static str>` - 成功返回配置，失败返回错误信息
+    /// 
+    /// # 示例
+    /// ```
+    /// use minigrep::Config;
+    /// let args = vec!["program".to_string(), "query".to_string(), "file.txt".to_string()];
+    /// let config = Config::build(args.into_iter()).unwrap();
+    /// ```
+    pub fn build(
+        mut args: impl Iterator<Item = String>,
+    ) -> Result<Config, &'static str> {
+        // 跳过程序名
+        args.next();
+
+        // 获取查询字符串 - 演示 Option 和错误处理
+        let query = match args.next() {
+            Some(arg) => arg,
+            None => return Err("Not enough arguments: missing query string"),
+        };
+
+        // 获取文件路径
+        let file_path = match args.next() {
+            Some(arg) => arg,
+            None => return Err("Not enough arguments: missing file path"),
+        };
+
+        // 从环境变量获取搜索模式
+        let search_mode = SearchMode::from_env();
+
+        // 解析其他选项
+        let mut show_line_numbers = false;
+        let mut max_results = None;
+        
+        // 处理剩余参数
+        for arg in args {
+            match arg.as_str() {
+                "--line-numbers" | "-n" => show_line_numbers = true,
+                arg if arg.starts_with("--max=") => {
+                    if let Some(num_str) = arg.strip_prefix("--max=") {
+                        max_results = num_str.parse().ok();
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => {} // 忽略未知参数
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(Config {
+            query,
+            file_path,
+            search_mode,
+            show_line_numbers,
+            max_results,
+        })
+    }
+    
+    /// 验证配置 - 演示方法链和错误处理
+    pub fn validate(&self) -> Result<(), ConfigError> {
+        if self.query.is_empty() {
+            return Err(ConfigError::EmptyQuery);
+        }
+        
+        if self.file_path.is_empty() {
+            return Err(ConfigError::EmptyFilePath);
+        }
+        
+        // 检查文件是否存在
+        if !std::path::Path::new(&self.file_path).exists() {
+            return Err(ConfigError::FileNotFound(self.file_path.clone()));
+        }
+        
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 4. 自定义错误类型 - 演示错误处理和 Trait 实现
+// ============================================================================
+
+/// 配置错误枚举 - 演示自定义错误类型
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum ConfigError {
+    EmptyQuery,
+    EmptyFilePath,
+    FileNotFound(String),
+    InvalidMaxResults,
+}
+
+// 为错误类型实现 Display trait
+impl std::fmt::Display for ConfigError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            ConfigError::EmptyQuery => write!(f, "查询字符串不能为空"),
+            ConfigError::EmptyFilePath => write!(f, "文件路径不能为空"),
+            ConfigError::FileNotFound(path) => write!(f, "文件未找到: {}", path),
+            ConfigError::InvalidMaxResults => write!(f, "无效的最大结果数量"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// 实现 Error trait
+impl Error for ConfigError {}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 5. 搜索结果结构体 - 演示生命周期
+// ============================================================================
+
+/// 搜索结果 - 演示生命周期参数
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct SearchResult {
+    /// 匹配的行内容
+    pub line: String,
+    /// 行号（从1开始）
+    pub line_number: usize,
+    /// 匹配的位置（字符索引）
+    pub match_positions: Vec<(usize, usize)>,
+}
+
+impl SearchResult {
+    /// 创建新的搜索结果
+    pub fn new(line: String, line_number: usize, match_positions: Vec<(usize, usize)>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            line,
+            line_number,
+            match_positions,
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /// 格式化输出 - 演示字符串操作
+    pub fn format_output(&self, show_line_numbers: bool) -> String {
+        if show_line_numbers {
+            format!("{}: {}", self.line_number, self.line)
+        } else {
+            self.line.clone()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 6. 泛型和 Trait - 搜索策略
+// ============================================================================
+
+/// 搜索策略 trait - 演示 trait 定义
+pub trait SearchStrategy {
+    /// 执行搜索
+    fn search(&self, query: &str, contents: &str) -> Vec<SearchResult>;
+    
+    /// 获取策略名称
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str;
+}
+
+/// 区分大小写搜索策略
+pub struct CaseSensitiveSearch;
+
+impl SearchStrategy for CaseSensitiveSearch {
+    fn search(&self, query: &str, contents: &str) -> Vec<SearchResult> {
+        search_case_sensitive(query, contents)
+    }
+    
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "区分大小写搜索"
+    }
+}
+
+/// 不区分大小写搜索策略
+pub struct CaseInsensitiveSearch;
+
+impl SearchStrategy for CaseInsensitiveSearch {
+    fn search(&self, query: &str, contents: &str) -> Vec<SearchResult> {
+        search_case_insensitive(query, contents)
+    }
+    
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "不区分大小写搜索"
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 7. 主要功能函数 - 演示所有权、借用和错误处理
+// ============================================================================
+
+/// 运行程序的主要逻辑
+/// 
+/// # 参数
+/// * `config` - 配置对象的引用
+/// 
+/// # 返回值
+/// * `Result<Vec<SearchResult>, Box<dyn Error>>` - 搜索结果或错误
+/// 
+/// # 错误
+/// 当文件读取失败或其他 I/O 错误时返回错误
+pub fn run(config: &Config) -> Result<Vec<SearchResult>, Box<dyn Error>> {
+    // 验证配置
+    config.validate()?;
+    
+    // 读取文件内容 - 演示错误传播
+    let contents = fs::read_to_string(&config.file_path)?;
+    
+    // 根据搜索模式选择搜索策略 - 演示模式匹配和 trait 对象
+    let results = match &config.search_mode {
+        SearchMode::CaseSensitive => {
+            let strategy = CaseSensitiveSearch;
+            strategy.search(&config.query, &contents)
+        }
+        SearchMode::CaseInsensitive => {
+            let strategy = CaseInsensitiveSearch;
+            strategy.search(&config.query, &contents)
+        }
+        SearchMode::Exact => search_exact(&config.query, &contents),
+        SearchMode::Regex(pattern) => search_regex(pattern, &contents)?,
+    };
+    
+    // 应用最大结果限制 - 演示 Option 和迭代器
+    let limited_results = match config.max_results {
+        Some(max) => results.into_iter().take(max).collect(),
+        None => results,
+    };
+    
+    Ok(limited_results)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 8. 搜索函数实现 - 演示迭代器、闭包和集合操作
+// ============================================================================
+
+/// 区分大小写搜索
+/// 
+/// # 参数
+/// * `query` - 搜索查询
+/// * `contents` - 文件内容
+/// 
+/// # 返回值
+/// 包含匹配行的向量
+/// 
+/// # 示例
+/// ```
+/// use minigrep::search_case_sensitive;
+/// let results = search_case_sensitive("rust", "Rust is great\nrust is awesome");
+/// assert_eq!(results.len(), 1);
+/// ```
+pub fn search_case_sensitive(query: &str, contents: &str) -> Vec<SearchResult> {
+    contents
+        .lines()                    // 迭代器：按行分割
+        .enumerate()                // 添加行号
+        .filter_map(|(line_num, line)| {  // 过滤和映射
+            // 查找所有匹配位置
+            let match_positions = find_all_matches(line, query, true);
+            if !match_positions.is_empty() {
+                Some(SearchResult::new(
+                    line.to_string(),
+                    line_num + 1,  // 行号从1开始
+                    match_positions,
+                ))
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        })
+        .collect()                  // 收集结果
+}
+
+/// 不区分大小写搜索
+pub fn search_case_insensitive(query: &str, contents: &str) -> Vec<SearchResult> {
+    let query = query.to_lowercase();  // 转换为小写
+    
+    contents
+        .lines()
+        .enumerate()
+        .filter_map(|(line_num, line)| {
+            let line_lower = line.to_lowercase();
+            let match_positions = find_all_matches(&line_lower, &query, false);
+            if !match_positions.is_empty() {
+                Some(SearchResult::new(
+                    line.to_string(),
+                    line_num + 1,
+                    match_positions,
+                ))
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+/// 精确匹配搜索
+pub fn search_exact(query: &str, contents: &str) -> Vec<SearchResult> {
+    contents
+        .lines()
+        .enumerate()
+        .filter_map(|(line_num, line)| {
+            if line.trim() == query {
+                Some(SearchResult::new(
+                    line.to_string(),
+                    line_num + 1,
+                    vec![(0, line.len())],
+                ))
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+/// 正则表达式搜索（简化版）
+pub fn search_regex(pattern: &str, contents: &str) -> Result<Vec<SearchResult>, Box<dyn Error>> {
+    // 这里使用简单的字符串匹配模拟正则表达式
+    // 在实际项目中，你会使用 regex crate
+    if pattern.contains('*') {
+        // 简单的通配符支持
+        let prefix = pattern.trim_end_matches('*');
+        Ok(contents
+            .lines()
+            .enumerate()
+            .filter_map(|(line_num, line)| {
+                if line.starts_with(prefix) {
+                    Some(SearchResult::new(
+                        line.to_string(),
+                        line_num + 1,
+                        vec![(0, prefix.len())],
+                    ))
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            })
+            .collect())
+    } else {
+        // 回退到普通搜索
+        Ok(search_case_sensitive(pattern, contents))
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 9. 辅助函数 - 演示字符串操作和算法
+// ============================================================================
+
+/// 查找字符串中所有匹配的位置
+fn find_all_matches(text: &str, pattern: &str, case_sensitive: bool) -> Vec<(usize, usize)> {
+    let mut matches = Vec::new();
+    
+    if pattern.is_empty() {
+        return matches;
+    }
+    
+    let search_text = if case_sensitive { text.to_string() } else { text.to_lowercase() };
+    let search_pattern = if case_sensitive { pattern.to_string() } else { pattern.to_lowercase() };
+    
+    let mut start = 0;
+    while let Some(pos) = search_text[start..].find(&search_pattern) {
+        let actual_pos = start + pos;
+        let end_pos = actual_pos + search_pattern.chars().count();
+        matches.push((actual_pos, end_pos));
+        
+        // 安全地移动到下一个字符位置
+        if let Some((next_start, _)) = search_text[actual_pos..].char_indices().nth(1) {
+            start = actual_pos + next_start;
+        } else {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    matches
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 10. 统计和分析功能 - 演示集合操作和高级特性
+// ============================================================================
+
+/// 搜索统计信息
+#[derive(Debug, Default)]
+pub struct SearchStats {
+    pub total_lines: usize,
+    pub matched_lines: usize,
+    pub total_matches: usize,
+    pub word_frequency: HashMap<String, usize>,
+}
+
+impl SearchStats {
+    /// 分析搜索结果并生成统计信息
+    pub fn analyze(contents: &str, results: &[SearchResult]) -> Self {
+        let total_lines = contents.lines().count();
+        let matched_lines = results.len();
+        let total_matches = results.iter().map(|r| r.match_positions.len()).sum();
+        
+        // 词频统计 - 演示 HashMap 和迭代器链
+        let word_frequency = contents
+            .split_whitespace()
+            .map(|word| word.to_lowercase().trim_matches(|c: char| !c.is_alphabetic()).to_string())
+            .filter(|word| !word.is_empty())
+            .fold(HashMap::new(), |mut acc, word| {
+                *acc.entry(word).or_insert(0) += 1;
+                acc
+            });
+        
+        SearchStats {
+            total_lines,
+            matched_lines,
+            total_matches,
+            word_frequency,
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /// 获取最常见的词汇
+    pub fn most_common_words(&self, n: usize) -> Vec<(String, usize)> {
+        let mut words: Vec<_> = self.word_frequency.iter().collect();
+        words.sort_by(|a, b| b.1.cmp(a.1));  // 按频率降序排序
+        words.into_iter()
+            .take(n)
+            .map(|(word, count)| (word.clone(), *count))
+            .collect()
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 11. 测试模块 - 演示单元测试
+// ============================================================================
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_search_case_sensitive() {
+        let query = "duct";
+        let contents = "\nRust:\nsafe, fast, productive.\nPick three.\nDuct tape.";
+
+        let results = search_case_sensitive(query, contents);
+        assert_eq!(results.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(results[0].line, "safe, fast, productive.");
+        assert_eq!(results[0].line_number, 3);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_search_case_insensitive() {
+        let query = "rUsT";
+        let contents = "\nRust:\nsafe, fast, productive.\nPick three.\nTrust me.";
+
+        let results = search_case_insensitive(query, contents);
+        assert_eq!(results.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(results[0].line, "Rust:");
+        assert_eq!(results[1].line, "Trust me.");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_config_build() {
+        let args = vec![
+            "program".to_string(),
+            "query".to_string(),
+            "filename".to_string(),
+        ];
+        
+        let config = Config::build(args.into_iter()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(config.query, "query");
+        assert_eq!(config.file_path, "filename");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_search_mode_from_env() {
+        // 测试环境变量
+        env::set_var("IGNORE_CASE", "1");
+        let mode = SearchMode::from_env();
+        assert_eq!(mode, SearchMode::CaseInsensitive);
+        
+        env::remove_var("IGNORE_CASE");
+        let mode = SearchMode::from_env();
+        assert_eq!(mode, SearchMode::CaseSensitive);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_find_all_matches() {
+        let text = "hello world hello rust";
+        let pattern = "hello";
+        let matches = find_all_matches(text, pattern, true);
+        assert_eq!(matches.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(matches[0], (0, 5));
+        assert_eq!(matches[1], (12, 17));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_search_stats() {
+        let contents = "hello world\nhello rust\nworld peace";
+        let results = search_case_sensitive("hello", contents);
+        let stats = SearchStats::analyze(contents, &results);
+        
+        assert_eq!(stats.total_lines, 3);
+        assert_eq!(stats.matched_lines, 2);
+        assert_eq!(stats.total_matches, 2);
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 12. 文档测试示例
+// ============================================================================
+
+/// 演示文档测试的函数
+/// 
+/// # 示例
+/// 
+/// ```
+/// use minigrep::example_function;
+/// let result = example_function("test");
+/// assert_eq!(result, "Hello, test!");
+/// ```
+pub fn example_function(name: &str) -> String {
+    format!("Hello, {}!", name)
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/minigrep/src/main.rs b/minigrep/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a618b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/minigrep/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,620 @@
+//! # Minigrep 主程序
+//!
+//! 这是 minigrep 项目的主入口点，演示了 Rust 中的各种语法特性：
+//! - 变量和常量
+//! - 数据类型
+//! - 函数定义和调用
+//! - 流程控制
+//! - 错误处理
+//! - 模块使用
+//! - 命令行参数处理
+
+// 导入标准库模块 - 演示模块系统
+use std::env;           // 环境变量和命令行参数
+use std::process;       // 进程控制
+use std::io::{self, Write}; // I/O 操作
+use std::time::Instant; // 时间测量
+
+// 导入我们的库 - 演示本地模块导入
+use minigrep::{
+    Config, SearchResult, SearchStats, SearchMode,
+    run, example_function
+};
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 1. 常量定义 - 演示常量和静态变量
+// ============================================================================
+
+/// 程序版本 - 编译时常量
+const VERSION: &str = "1.0.0";
+
+/// 程序名称
+const PROGRAM_NAME: &str = "minigrep";
+
+/// 默认最大结果数
+const DEFAULT_MAX_RESULTS: usize = 100;
+
+/// 静态变量 - 程序运行时的全局状态
+static mut SEARCH_COUNT: usize = 0;
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 2. 主函数 - 程序入口点
+// ============================================================================
+
+/// 主函数 - 程序的入口点
+/// 
+/// 演示了：
+/// - 命令行参数处理
+/// - 错误处理和传播
+/// - 流程控制
+/// - 变量绑定和可变性
+fn main() {
+    // ========================================================================
+    // 变量声明和数据类型演示
+    // ========================================================================
+    
+    // 不可变变量 - Rust 默认不可变
+    let program_start = Instant::now();
+    
+    // 可变变量 - 使用 mut 关键字
+    let mut exit_code = 0;
+    
+    // 基本数据类型
+    let search_performed: bool = false;
+    let _unused_integer: i32 = 42;
+    let _unused_float: f64 = 3.14159;
+    let _unused_char: char = '🦀';
+    
+    // 字符串类型
+    let greeting = "欢迎使用 Minigrep!"; // &str - 字符串切片
+    let _owned_string = String::from("这是一个拥有的字符串"); // String - 拥有的字符串
+    
+    // 数组和元组
+    let _numbers: [i32; 5] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+    let _coordinates: (f64, f64) = (10.0, 20.0);
+    
+    // 打印欢迎信息
+    println!("{}", greeting);
+    println!("版本: {}", VERSION);
+    println!("{}", "=".repeat(50));
+    
+    // ========================================================================
+    // 命令行参数处理
+    // ========================================================================
+    
+    // 收集命令行参数 - 演示迭代器和集合
+    let args: Vec<String> = env::args().collect();
+    
+    // 检查参数数量 - 演示流程控制
+    if args.len() < 2 {
+        print_usage();
+        process::exit(1);
+    }
+    
+    // 检查帮助选项 - 演示模式匹配
+    match args.get(1).map(|s| s.as_str()) {
+        Some("--help") | Some("-h") => {
+            print_help();
+            return;
+        }
+        Some("--version") | Some("-v") => {
+            println!("{} {}", PROGRAM_NAME, VERSION);
+            return;
+        }
+        Some("--example") => {
+            run_examples();
+            return;
+        }
+        _ => {} // 继续正常执行
+    }
+    
+    // ========================================================================
+    // 配置解析和验证
+    // ========================================================================
+    
+    // 构建配置 - 演示 Result 类型和错误处理
+    let config = match Config::build(env::args()) {
+        Ok(config) => {
+            println!("✓ 配置解析成功");
+            println!("  查询: '{}'", config.query);
+            println!("  文件: '{}'", config.file_path);
+            println!("  模式: {:?}", config.search_mode);
+            config
+        }
+        Err(err) => {
+            eprintln!("❌ 配置错误: {}", err);
+            print_usage();
+            process::exit(1);
+        }
+    };
+    
+    // ========================================================================
+    // 执行搜索
+    // ========================================================================
+    
+    println!("{}", "-".repeat(50));
+    println!("🔍 开始搜索...");
+    
+    // 记录搜索开始时间
+    let search_start = Instant::now();
+    
+    // 执行搜索 - 演示错误处理和匹配
+    let search_results = match run(&config) {
+        Ok(results) => {
+            println!("✓ 搜索完成");
+            results
+        }
+        Err(err) => {
+            eprintln!("❌ 搜索失败: {}", err);
+            exit_code = 1;
+            process::exit(exit_code);
+        }
+    };
+    
+    // 计算搜索耗时
+    let search_duration = search_start.elapsed();
+    
+    // 更新搜索计数（演示 unsafe 代码）
+    unsafe {
+        SEARCH_COUNT += 1;
+    }
+    
+    // ========================================================================
+    // 结果处理和显示
+    // ========================================================================
+    
+    // 显示搜索结果 - 演示条件语句和循环
+    if search_results.is_empty() {
+        println!("❌ 没有找到匹配的结果");
+        exit_code = 1;
+    } else {
+        println!("✓ 找到 {} 个匹配结果:", search_results.len());
+        println!("{}", "=".repeat(50));
+        
+        // 遍历并显示结果 - 演示迭代器和方法链
+        for (index, result) in search_results.iter().enumerate() {
+            // 格式化输出
+            let formatted = result.format_output(config.show_line_numbers);
+            
+            // 高亮显示匹配部分（简化版）
+            let highlighted = highlight_matches(&formatted, &config.query, &config.search_mode);
+            
+            println!("[{}] {}", index + 1, highlighted);
+            
+            // 显示匹配位置信息
+            if !result.match_positions.is_empty() {
+                print!("    匹配位置: ");
+                for (start, end) in &result.match_positions {
+                    print!("{}:{} ", start, end);
+                }
+                println!();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    // ========================================================================
+    // 统计信息和性能分析
+    // ========================================================================
+    
+    println!("{}", "=".repeat(50));
+    
+    // 读取文件内容进行统计分析
+    if let Ok(contents) = std::fs::read_to_string(&config.file_path) {
+        let stats = SearchStats::analyze(&contents, &search_results);
+        display_statistics(&stats, search_duration);
+    }
+    
+    // 显示程序运行信息
+    let total_duration = program_start.elapsed();
+    println!("⏱️  总运行时间: {:?}", total_duration);
+    println!("🔍 搜索耗时: {:?}", search_duration);
+    
+    unsafe {
+        println!("📊 本次会话搜索次数: {}", SEARCH_COUNT);
+    }
+    
+    // 根据结果设置退出码
+    process::exit(exit_code);
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 3. 辅助函数 - 演示函数定义、参数和返回值
+// ============================================================================
+
+/// 打印程序使用说明
+/// 
+/// 演示了：
+/// - 函数定义
+/// - 字符串格式化
+/// - 标准输出
+fn print_usage() {
+    println!("使用方法:");
+    println!("  {} <查询字符串> <文件路径> [选项]", PROGRAM_NAME);
+    println!();
+    println!("选项:");
+    println!("  --line-numbers, -n    显示行号");
+    println!("  --max=<数量>          限制最大结果数量");
+    println!("  --help, -h            显示帮助信息");
+    println!("  --version, -v         显示版本信息");
+    println!("  --example             运行示例");
+    println!();
+    println!("环境变量:");
+    println!("  IGNORE_CASE=1         启用不区分大小写搜索");
+    println!();
+    println!("示例:");
+    println!("  {} rust poem.txt", PROGRAM_NAME);
+    println!("  {} --line-numbers hello story.txt", PROGRAM_NAME);
+    println!("  IGNORE_CASE=1 {} RUST poem.txt", PROGRAM_NAME);
+}
+
+/// 打印详细帮助信息
+fn print_help() {
+    println!("{} - Rust 文本搜索工具", PROGRAM_NAME);
+    println!("版本: {}", VERSION);
+    println!();
+    print_usage();
+    println!();
+    println!("这个程序演示了以下 Rust 概念:");
+    println!("• 变量和数据类型");
+    println!("• 函数和闭包");
+    println!("• 流程控制 (if/else, match, 循环)");
+    println!("• 所有权和借用");
+    println!("• 结构体和枚举");
+    println!("• 模式匹配");
+    println!("• 错误处理 (Result, Option)");
+    println!("• 集合操作 (Vec, HashMap)");
+    println!("• 迭代器和闭包");
+    println!("• Trait 和泛型");
+    println!("• 生命周期");
+    println!("• 模块系统");
+    println!("• 测试");
+}
+
+/// 运行示例代码
+/// 
+/// 演示了：
+/// - 函数调用
+/// - 字符串操作
+/// - 集合创建和操作
+fn run_examples() {
+    println!("🚀 运行 Rust 语法示例...");
+    println!("{}", "=".repeat(50));
+    
+    // ========================================================================
+    // 1. 变量和数据类型示例
+    // ========================================================================
+    
+    println!("📝 1. 变量和数据类型:");
+    
+    // 基本类型
+    let integer: i32 = 42;
+    let float: f64 = 3.14159;
+    let boolean: bool = true;
+    let character: char = '🦀';
+    
+    println!("  整数: {}", integer);
+    println!("  浮点数: {:.2}", float);
+    println!("  布尔值: {}", boolean);
+    println!("  字符: {}", character);
+    
+    // 复合类型
+    let tuple: (i32, f64, char) = (42, 3.14, '🦀');
+    let array: [i32; 3] = [1, 2, 3];
+    
+    println!("  元组: {:?}", tuple);
+    println!("  数组: {:?}", array);
+    
+    // 字符串类型
+    let string_slice: &str = "Hello, Rust!";
+    let owned_string: String = String::from("Hello, World!");
+    
+    println!("  字符串切片: {}", string_slice);
+    println!("  拥有的字符串: {}", owned_string);
+    
+    println!();
+    
+    // ========================================================================
+    // 2. 函数示例
+    // ========================================================================
+    
+    println!("🔧 2. 函数示例:");
+    
+    // 调用库中的示例函数
+    let result = example_function("Rust");
+    println!("  函数调用结果: {}", result);
+    
+    // 调用本地函数
+    let sum = add_numbers(10, 20);
+    println!("  加法结果: {}", sum);
+    
+    // 高阶函数示例
+    let numbers = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+    let doubled: Vec<i32> = numbers.iter().map(|x| x * 2).collect();
+    println!("  映射结果: {:?}", doubled);
+    
+    println!();
+    
+    // ========================================================================
+    // 3. 流程控制示例
+    // ========================================================================
+    
+    println!("🔄 3. 流程控制示例:");
+    
+    // if/else 语句
+    let number = 42;
+    if number > 0 {
+        println!("  {} 是正数", number);
+    } else if number < 0 {
+        println!("  {} 是负数", number);
+    } else {
+        println!("  {} 是零", number);
+    }
+    
+    // match 表达式
+    let grade = 'A';
+    let description = match grade {
+        'A' => "优秀",
+        'B' => "良好",
+        'C' => "及格",
+        'D' | 'F' => "不及格",
+        _ => "未知等级",
+    };
+    println!("  等级 {} 对应: {}", grade, description);
+    
+    // 循环示例
+    print!("  计数循环: ");
+    for i in 1..=5 {
+        print!("{} ", i);
+    }
+    println!();
+    
+    println!();
+    
+    // ========================================================================
+    // 4. 所有权和借用示例
+    // ========================================================================
+    
+    println!("🔒 4. 所有权和借用示例:");
+    
+    // 所有权转移
+    let s1 = String::from("Hello");
+    let s2 = s1; // s1 的所有权转移给 s2
+    // println!("{}", s1); // 这行会编译错误
+    println!("  所有权转移后: {}", s2);
+    
+    // 借用
+    let s3 = String::from("World");
+    let len = calculate_length(&s3); // 借用 s3
+    println!("  字符串 '{}' 的长度是 {}", s3, len); // s3 仍然有效
+    
+    println!();
+    
+    // ========================================================================
+    // 5. 结构体和枚举示例
+    // ========================================================================
+    
+    println!("📦 5. 结构体和枚举示例:");
+    
+    // 结构体
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    struct Point {
+        x: f64,
+        y: f64,
+    }
+    
+    let point = Point { x: 3.0, y: 4.0 };
+    println!("  点坐标: {:?}", point);
+    
+    // 枚举
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    enum Color {
+        Red,
+        Green,
+        Blue,
+        RGB(u8, u8, u8),
+    }
+    
+    let color1 = Color::Red;
+    let color2 = Color::RGB(255, 128, 0);
+    println!("  颜色1: {:?}", color1);
+    println!("  颜色2: {:?}", color2);
+    
+    println!();
+    
+    // ========================================================================
+    // 6. 错误处理示例
+    // ========================================================================
+    
+    println!("⚠️  6. 错误处理示例:");
+    
+    // Result 类型
+    let result = divide(10.0, 2.0);
+    match result {
+        Ok(value) => println!("  除法结果: {}", value),
+        Err(err) => println!("  除法错误: {}", err),
+    }
+    
+    // Option 类型
+    let numbers = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+    match numbers.get(2) {
+        Some(value) => println!("  索引2的值: {}", value),
+        None => println!("  索引2不存在"),
+    }
+    
+    println!();
+    
+    println!("✅ 示例运行完成!");
+}
+
+/// 简单的加法函数 - 演示函数参数和返回值
+fn add_numbers(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 {
+    a + b // 表达式作为返回值
+}
+
+/// 计算字符串长度 - 演示借用
+fn calculate_length(s: &String) -> usize {
+    s.len()
+}
+
+/// 除法函数 - 演示错误处理
+fn divide(a: f64, b: f64) -> Result<f64, String> {
+    if b == 0.0 {
+        Err("除数不能为零".to_string())
+    } else {
+        Ok(a / b)
+    }
+}
+
+/// 高亮显示匹配的文本 - 演示字符串操作和模式匹配
+/// 
+/// # 参数
+/// * `text` - 要处理的文本
+/// * `query` - 搜索查询
+/// * `mode` - 搜索模式
+/// 
+/// # 返回值
+/// 高亮后的文本字符串
+fn highlight_matches(text: &str, query: &str, mode: &SearchMode) -> String {
+    // 简化的高亮实现
+    match mode {
+        SearchMode::CaseSensitive => {
+            text.replace(query, &format!("[{}]", query))
+        }
+        SearchMode::CaseInsensitive => {
+            // 简化处理：直接替换
+            let lower_text = text.to_lowercase();
+            let lower_query = query.to_lowercase();
+            if lower_text.contains(&lower_query) {
+                format!("[匹配] {}", text)
+            } else {
+                text.to_string()
+            }
+        }
+        SearchMode::Exact => {
+            if text.trim() == query {
+                format!("[精确匹配] {}", text)
+            } else {
+                text.to_string()
+            }
+        }
+        SearchMode::Regex(pattern) => {
+            format!("[正则: {}] {}", pattern, text)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 显示统计信息 - 演示结构体使用和格式化输出
+/// 
+/// # 参数
+/// * `stats` - 搜索统计信息
+/// * `duration` - 搜索耗时
+fn display_statistics(stats: &SearchStats, duration: std::time::Duration) {
+    println!("📊 搜索统计:");
+    println!("  总行数: {}", stats.total_lines);
+    println!("  匹配行数: {}", stats.matched_lines);
+    println!("  总匹配数: {}", stats.total_matches);
+    
+    // 计算匹配率
+    let match_rate = if stats.total_lines > 0 {
+        (stats.matched_lines as f64 / stats.total_lines as f64) * 100.0
+    } else {
+        0.0
+    };
+    println!("  匹配率: {:.1}%", match_rate);
+    
+    // 显示最常见的词汇
+    let common_words = stats.most_common_words(5);
+    if !common_words.is_empty() {
+        println!("  最常见词汇:");
+        for (word, count) in common_words {
+            println!("    '{}': {} 次", word, count);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    // 性能信息
+    println!("  搜索速度: {:.2} 行/秒", 
+        stats.total_lines as f64 / duration.as_secs_f64());
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 4. 条件编译示例 - 演示特性标志
+// ============================================================================
+
+#[cfg(feature = "color")]
+fn colorize_text(text: &str, _color: &str) -> String {
+    // 在实际实现中，这里会添加 ANSI 颜色代码
+    format!("\x1b[32m{}\x1b[0m", text) // 绿色文本
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "color"))]
+fn colorize_text(text: &str, _color: &str) -> String {
+    text.to_string()
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 5. 测试模块 - 演示集成测试
+// ============================================================================
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_add_numbers() {
+        assert_eq!(add_numbers(2, 3), 5);
+        assert_eq!(add_numbers(-1, 1), 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_divide() {
+        assert_eq!(divide(10.0, 2.0).unwrap(), 5.0);
+        assert!(divide(10.0, 0.0).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_calculate_length() {
+        let s = String::from("hello");
+        assert_eq!(calculate_length(&s), 5);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_highlight_matches() {
+        let result = highlight_matches("hello world", "hello", &SearchMode::CaseSensitive);
+        assert_eq!(result, "[hello] world");
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 6. 文档注释和示例
+// ============================================================================
+
+/// 演示文档测试的函数
+/// 
+/// # 参数
+/// * `input` - 输入字符串
+/// 
+/// # 返回值
+/// 处理后的字符串
+/// 
+/// # 示例
+/// 
+/// ```
+/// // 这个测试会在 `cargo test` 时运行
+/// let result = minigrep::main(); // 注意：这只是示例，实际不会这样调用
+/// // assert_eq!(result, expected);
+/// ```
+/// 
+/// # 错误
+/// 
+/// 当输入为空时可能返回错误。
+/// 
+/// # 安全性
+/// 
+/// 这个函数是安全的，不会导致内存安全问题。
+pub fn process_input(input: &str) -> Result<String, &'static str> {
+    if input.is_empty() {
+        Err("输入不能为空")
+    } else {
+        Ok(format!("处理后的: {}", input))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/minigrep/story.txt b/minigrep/story.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0708b62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/minigrep/story.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+Once upon a time, in a land far away,
+there lived a young programmer named Alex.
+
+Alex loved to code in many languages:
+Python for data science,
+JavaScript for web development,
+and Rust for systems programming.
+
+One day, Alex discovered the power of Rust.
+The language was fast, safe, and expressive.
+Rust helped Alex write better code
+with fewer bugs and better performance.
+
+"This is amazing!" Alex exclaimed.
+"Rust makes programming so much more enjoyable!"
+
+Alex decided to learn more about Rust:
+- Memory safety without garbage collection
+- Zero-cost abstractions
+- Pattern matching
+- Trait system
+- Ownership and borrowing
+- Concurrency without data races
+
+The more Alex learned, the more excited they became.
+Rust wasn't just another programming language;
+it was a new way of thinking about software development.
+
+Alex started contributing to open source Rust projects,
+joined the Rust community forums,
+and even gave talks about Rust at local meetups.
+
+Years later, Alex became a Rust expert
+and helped many other developers
+discover the joy of programming in Rust.
+
+The end.
+
+---
+
+Moral of the story:
+Learning new programming languages
+can open up new possibilities
+and make you a better developer.
+
+Rust is particularly special because it combines
+the performance of low-level languages
+with the safety and expressiveness
+of high-level languages.
+
+Whether you're building:
+- Web servers
+- Operating systems
+- Game engines
+- Blockchain applications
+- Command-line tools
+- Or anything else
+
+Rust can help you build it
+faster, safer, and more reliably.
+
+Happy coding! 🦀
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/minigrep/tests/integration_tests.rs b/minigrep/tests/integration_tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe82a1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/minigrep/tests/integration_tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+//! # Minigrep 集成测试
+//!
+//! 这个文件演示了 Rust 中的集成测试，包括：
+//! - 测试模块组织
+//! - 断言宏的使用
+//! - 错误情况测试
+//! - 性能测试
+//! - 文件 I/O 测试
+
+use std::fs;
+use std::env;
+use std::process::Command;
+use minigrep::*;
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 1. 基本功能测试
+// ============================================================================
+
+#[test]
+fn test_config_build_success() {
+    // 测试正确的配置构建
+    let args = vec![
+        "minigrep".to_string(),
+        "rust".to_string(),
+        "poem.txt".to_string(),
+    ];
+    
+    let config = Config::build(args.into_iter());
+    assert!(config.is_ok());
+    
+    let config = config.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(config.query, "rust");
+    assert_eq!(config.file_path, "poem.txt");
+    assert_eq!(config.search_mode, SearchMode::CaseSensitive);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_config_build_insufficient_args() {
+    // 测试参数不足的情况
+    let args = vec!["minigrep".to_string()];
+    
+    let config = Config::build(args.into_iter());
+    assert!(config.is_err());
+    
+    if let Err(err) = config {
+        assert!(err.contains("Not enough arguments") || err.contains("参数不足"));
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_config_with_options() {
+    // 测试带选项的配置
+    let args = vec![
+        "minigrep".to_string(),
+        "rust".to_string(),
+        "poem.txt".to_string(),
+        "--line-numbers".to_string(),
+        "--max=50".to_string(),
+    ];
+    
+    let config = Config::build(args.into_iter());
+    assert!(config.is_ok());
+    
+    let config = config.unwrap();
+    assert!(config.show_line_numbers);
+    assert_eq!(config.max_results, Some(50));
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 2. 搜索功能测试
+// ============================================================================
+
+#[test]
+fn test_search_case_sensitive() {
+    // 测试区分大小写搜索
+    let query = "duct";
+    let contents = "\nRust:\nsafe, fast, productive.\nPick three.\nDuct tape.";
+    
+    let results = search_case_sensitive(query, contents);
+    assert_eq!(results.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(results[0].line, "safe, fast, productive.");
+    assert_eq!(results[0].line_number, 3);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_search_case_insensitive() {
+    // 测试不区分大小写搜索
+    let query = "rUsT";
+    let contents = "\nRust:\nsafe, fast, productive.\nPick three.\nTrust me.";
+    
+    let results = search_case_insensitive(query, contents);
+    assert_eq!(results.len(), 2);
+    assert_eq!(results[0].line, "Rust:");
+    assert_eq!(results[1].line, "Trust me.");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_search_exact_match() {
+    // 测试精确匹配
+    let query = "Rust";
+    let contents = "\nRust\nRust is great\nrust\nRUST";
+    
+    let results = search_exact(query, contents);
+    assert_eq!(results.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(results[0].line.trim(), "Rust");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_search_no_results() {
+    // 测试无匹配结果
+    let query = "monomorphization";
+    let contents = "\nRust:\nsafe, fast, productive.\nPick three.";
+    
+    let results = search_case_sensitive(query, contents);
+    assert_eq!(results.len(), 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_search_multiple_matches_same_line() {
+    // 测试同一行多个匹配
+    let query = "the";
+    let contents = "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
+    
+    let results = search_case_sensitive(query, contents);
+    assert_eq!(results.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(results[0].match_positions.len(), 2);
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 3. 文件操作测试
+// ============================================================================
+
+#[test]
+fn test_run_with_valid_file() {
+    // 创建临时测试文件
+    let test_content = "Hello world\nRust is awesome\nProgramming is fun";
+    let test_file = "test_poem.txt";
+    
+    fs::write(test_file, test_content).expect("无法创建测试文件");
+    
+    // 测试运行
+    let config = Config {
+        query: "Rust".to_string(),
+        file_path: test_file.to_string(),
+        search_mode: SearchMode::CaseSensitive,
+        show_line_numbers: false,
+        max_results: None,
+    };
+    
+    let results = run(&config);
+    assert!(results.is_ok());
+    
+    let results = results.unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(results.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(results[0].line, "Rust is awesome");
+    
+    // 清理测试文件
+    fs::remove_file(test_file).expect("无法删除测试文件");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_run_with_nonexistent_file() {
+    // 测试不存在的文件
+    let config = Config {
+        query: "test".to_string(),
+        file_path: "nonexistent_file.txt".to_string(),
+        search_mode: SearchMode::CaseSensitive,
+        show_line_numbers: false,
+        max_results: None,
+    };
+    
+    let result = run(&config);
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 4. 统计功能测试
+// ============================================================================
+
+#[test]
+fn test_search_stats_analysis() {
+    // 测试搜索统计分析
+    let contents = "Hello world\nRust is great\nProgramming with Rust\nHello again";
+    let results = vec![
+        SearchResult {
+            line: "Rust is great".to_string(),
+            line_number: 2,
+            match_positions: vec![(0, 4)],
+        },
+        SearchResult {
+            line: "Programming with Rust".to_string(),
+            line_number: 1,
+            match_positions: vec![(17, 21)],
+        },
+    ];
+    
+    let stats = SearchStats::analyze(contents, &results);
+    
+    assert_eq!(stats.total_lines, 4);
+    assert_eq!(stats.matched_lines, 2);
+    assert_eq!(stats.total_matches, 2);
+    
+    // 测试词频统计
+    let common_words = stats.most_common_words(3);
+    assert!(!common_words.is_empty());
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 5. 错误处理测试
+// ============================================================================
+
+#[test]
+fn test_search_result_formatting() {
+    // 测试搜索结果格式化
+    let result = SearchResult {
+        line: "Hello, Rust world!".to_string(),
+        line_number: 1,
+        match_positions: vec![(7, 11)],
+    };
+    
+    // 测试不显示行号
+    let formatted = result.format_output(false);
+    assert_eq!(formatted, "Hello, Rust world!");
+    
+    // 测试显示行号
+    let formatted = result.format_output(true);
+    assert_eq!(formatted, "1: Hello, Rust world!");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_search_mode_debug() {
+    // 测试搜索模式的调试输出
+    let mode1 = SearchMode::CaseSensitive;
+    let mode2 = SearchMode::CaseInsensitive;
+    let mode3 = SearchMode::Exact;
+    let mode4 = SearchMode::Regex("test.*pattern".to_string());
+    
+    // 确保所有模式都能正确格式化
+    assert!(!format!("{:?}", mode1).is_empty());
+    assert!(!format!("{:?}", mode2).is_empty());
+    assert!(!format!("{:?}", mode3).is_empty());
+    assert!(!format!("{:?}", mode4).is_empty());
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 6. 性能测试
+// ============================================================================
+
+#[test]
+fn test_large_file_performance() {
+    // 创建大文件进行性能测试
+    let mut large_content = String::new();
+    for i in 0..1000 {
+        large_content.push_str(&format!("Line {} with some Rust content\n", i));
+    }
+    
+    let start = std::time::Instant::now();
+    let results = search_case_sensitive("Rust", &large_content);
+    let duration = start.elapsed();
+    
+    // 验证结果正确性
+    assert_eq!(results.len(), 1000);
+    
+    // 性能检查：应该在合理时间内完成（这里设为1秒，实际应该更快）
+    assert!(duration.as_secs() < 1, "搜索耗时过长: {:?}", duration);
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 7. 边界条件测试
+// ============================================================================
+
+#[test]
+fn test_empty_file() {
+    // 测试空文件
+    let results = search_case_sensitive("anything", "");
+    assert_eq!(results.len(), 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_empty_query() {
+    // 测试空查询
+    let contents = "Some content here";
+    let results = search_case_sensitive("", contents);
+    // 空查询应该返回0个结果
+    assert_eq!(results.len(), 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_single_character_query() {
+    // 测试单字符查询
+    let contents = "a\nb\nc\na";
+    let results = search_case_sensitive("a", contents);
+    assert_eq!(results.len(), 2);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_unicode_content() {
+    // 测试 Unicode 内容
+    let contents = "Hello 世界\nRust 编程\n🦀 螃蟹";
+    let results = search_case_sensitive("世界", contents);
+    assert_eq!(results.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(results[0].line, "Hello 世界");
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 8. 命令行集成测试
+// ============================================================================
+
+#[test]
+fn test_command_line_integration() {
+    // 创建测试文件
+    let test_content = "Hello world\nRust is great\nProgramming is fun";
+    let test_file = "integration_test.txt";
+    
+    fs::write(test_file, test_content).expect("无法创建测试文件");
+    
+    // 测试命令行调用
+    let output = Command::new("cargo")
+        .args(&["run", "--", "Rust", test_file])
+        .output();
+    
+    match output {
+        Ok(output) => {
+            // 检查程序是否成功运行
+            let stdout = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout);
+            assert!(stdout.contains("Rust is great") || output.status.success());
+        }
+        Err(_) => {
+            // 如果无法运行 cargo，跳过此测试
+            println!("跳过命令行集成测试：无法运行 cargo");
+        }
+    }
+    
+    // 清理测试文件
+    let _ = fs::remove_file(test_file);
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 9. 辅助测试函数
+// ============================================================================
+
+/// 创建临时测试文件的辅助函数
+fn create_temp_file(name: &str, content: &str) -> String {
+    let temp_path = format!("temp_{}", name);
+    fs::write(&temp_path, content).expect("无法创建临时文件");
+    temp_path
+}
+
+/// 清理临时文件的辅助函数
+fn cleanup_temp_file(path: &str) {
+    let _ = fs::remove_file(path);
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 10. 模块级测试设置和清理
+// ============================================================================
+
+/// 测试模块的设置函数
+#[cfg(test)]
+fn setup() {
+    // 设置测试环境
+    env::set_var("RUST_LOG", "debug");
+}
+
+/// 测试模块的清理函数
+#[cfg(test)]
+fn teardown() {
+    // 清理测试环境
+    // 这里可以添加清理逻辑
+}
+
+// 使用 std::sync::Once 确保设置只运行一次
+use std::sync::Once;
+static INIT: Once = Once::new();
+
+/// 确保测试环境只初始化一次
+fn ensure_test_setup() {
+    INIT.call_once(|| {
+        setup();
+    });
+}
+
+// 在每个需要设置的测试中调用 ensure_test_setup()
\ No newline at end of file