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| 1 | +| Layer | Purpose | Must-Have Features | |
| 2 | +| ----------------------- | ------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | |
| 3 | +| Version Control | Source of truth | Branching model (trunk, GitFlow), PR/MR gates, required reviews, CODEOWNERS | |
| 4 | +| Triggers | When pipelines run | Push/PR/MR, tag, schedule, manual, API, path filters | |
| 5 | +| Runners/Agents | Where jobs execute | Ephemeral containers, autoscaling, isolation, secrets mount, caching (sccache) | |
| 6 | +| Build System | Compile & package | Matrix builds, incremental cache, reproducible builds, artifacts export | |
| 7 | +| Test System | Prove correctness | Unit/integration/e2e, flaky test quarantine, retry rules, coverage gates | |
| 8 | +| Quality Gates | Block bad changes | Lint/format, clippy, security scan, coverage threshold, conventional commits | |
| 9 | +| Dependency/Supply Chain | Trust inputs | Lockfiles, SCA (vuln scan), SBOM, license scan, provenance attestations | |
| 10 | +| Secrets & Config | Keep secrets safe | OIDC → cloud KMS, sealed secrets, short-lived tokens, env segregation | |
| 11 | +| Artifacts/Registry | Store outputs | Artifact retention, container registry, immutability, garbage collection | |
| 12 | +| Release Mgmt | Version + notes | SemVer or CalVer, changelog, signed tags/releases, release branches | |
| 13 | +| Deploy Orchestrator | Ship to envs | Helm/Kustomize, GitOps (ArgoCD), strategy (blue/green/canary/rolling) | |
| 14 | +| Verification | Prove it works | Smoke/synthetic checks, health/readiness gates, canary analysis | |
| 15 | +| Observability | See everything | Build logs, test reports, metrics, traces, deploy timelines, SLO gates | |
| 16 | +| Policy & Compliance | Enforce rules | Policy-as-code (OPA/Conftest), approvals, SoD, audit logs, SLSA targets | |
| 17 | +| Rollback & DR | Safety net | Fast rollback, config/DB migration reversibility, backups, runbooks | |
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