When using composer reinstall vendor/package, the autoloader does not load /typo3/alias-loader-include.php and /typo3/autoload-include.php anymore. When opening TYPO3 in the browser, it gets redirected to the install tool because TYPO3_COMPOSER_MODE is not set anymore.
Another composer plugin had the same problem: funkjedi/composer-include-files#14 and solved it by listening for the ScriptEvents::POST_INSTALL_CMD composer event.