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The implied speed limits may be configured for the whole road segment by
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providing an explicit value for the property
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`speed_limits`. Note: granular speed limits can also be
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specified at the level of individual [lanes](#lanes), as explained
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elsewhere.
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`speed_limits`.
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As with access restrictions and turn restrictions, speed limits can be specified using [rules](/schema/concepts/scoping-rules#rules-and-rule-based-properties).
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</TabItem>
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## Lanes
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A road may optionally carry a `lanes` property which, if present, contains
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a list of rules that can be used to resolve the applicable traffic lane block
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for the road. A lane block is a list of lane objects. Each lane object in the
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block describes the physical structure and properties applicable to one the
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road's traffic lanes at a granularity sufficient to support the navigation use
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case. Note that the `lanes` property applies to traffic lanes, not to
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parking lanes.
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### Use cases for lanes
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Many transportation use cases can be solved either entirely or in large part without examining the lane
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structure of the road network. For example, optimal route calculation
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can be entirely solved without lane-level information, as can most 2D
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map rendering problems. Lane information is most interesting for
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granular turn-by-turn or maneuver-by-maneuver navigation applications.
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### Default lane structure
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If the `lanes` property is omitted from a road segment, reasonable
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default values should be assumed based on `class` and the
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road-level [access restrictions](#access-restrictions). For example, for
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a stock two-way road segment of class `primary` with no heading-scoped
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access restrictions, a reasonable assumption is two lanes, one
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`forward` and one `backward`.
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### Lane numbering
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The number of lanes at a given place and time on a road segment is equal to
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the length of the lanes list within the resolved lane block.
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Each entry in the resolved lanes list represents one lane on the road.
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Order is important. The list captures the lanes in left-to-right order
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as they would be observed by a person standing on the physical road being modeled, facing in the [direction](/schema/concepts/by-theme/transportation/shape-connectivity#directionality)
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of the segment geometry. The leftmost lane has index `0`; the rightmost
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lane, assuming there are N total lanes, has index N-1. The example
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below illustrates how lane numbering works with example two-lane
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segments oriented in the north, west, east, and south directions,
*How lanes are numbered for examples segments with geometry directions due west, north, east, and south.*
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</div>
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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### Lane directionality
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Each lane within a segment has a directionality, documenting which
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travel directions are allowed within the lane, with reference to the [orientation of the segment](/schema/concepts/by-theme/transportation/shape-connectivity#start-end-and-orientation). Lane directionality is specified by the lane object's `directionality`
|`forward`| Travel is only allowed along the `forward` heading. |
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|`backward`| Travel is only allowed along the `backward` heading. |
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|`both_ways`| Travel is allowed both `forward` and `backward` at the same time. |
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|`alternating`| Travel is one-way and changes between `forward` and `backward` constantly. |
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|`reversible`| Travel is one-way and changes between `forward` and `backward` infrequently. |
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</div>
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<figcaption>
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<divstyle={{textAlign: 'center'}}>
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*Allowed values for lane `directionality`.*
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</div>
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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The `directionality` property is a mandatory property for lanes, and is
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the only mandatory property.
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When the allowed travel heading changes based on a regular schedule,
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the appropriate "definite" directionalities (`forward`, `backward`, and
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`both_ways`) should be used along with [temporal scoping](/schema/concepts/scoping-rules#temporal-scoping-opening-hours) at the lane block level.
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When the allowed travel heading changes based on unpredictable local
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factors, such that allowed heading at any given time can only be known
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by an observer actually present at the real-world location, the
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appropriate indefinite directionality (`alternating` or `reversible`)
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should be used.
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### Lane restrictions
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Like the segment a whole, each lane within a lane block can have its own
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restrictions, for example [access restrictions](#access-restrictions),
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[turn restrictions](#turn-restrictions) and
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[speed limits](#speed-limits).
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Lane-level restrictions reuse the same concepts as segment-level
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restrictions and are typically phrased in the same way, except that the
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restriction is stipulated on an individual lane object rather than for
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the segment's `road` property as a whole.
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### Lane connectivity
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Lane connectivity refers to the maneuvers available to navigate from the
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lane the traveller is currently occupying to a connected lane within the
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next lane block in the traveller's current travel direction. Lane
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connectivity is a necessary element for granular turn-by-turn
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navigation instructions.
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The Overture transportation schema does not currently support lane
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connectivity, but it is something we are actively working on and hoping
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to release soon.
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### Resolving the applicable lane block
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The traffic lane structure of a road segment can be different at different
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points along the segment, or at different times of the day, or both.
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Consequently, instead of having a static lane block, road segments carry a list of lane block [rules](/schema/concepts/scoping-rules#rules-and-rule-based-properties)
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in the optional `lanes` property.
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- A rule may be scoped [geometrically](/schema/concepts/scoping-rules#geometric-scoping-linear-referencing),
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which allows linear referencing to be used to specify the portion of the
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segment geometry where the lane block exists.
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- A rule may also be scoped [temporally](/schema/concepts/scoping-rules#temporal-scoping-opening-hours), which allows the time of day that the lane block exists to be specified. Temporal scoping is useful for modeling cases like lanes which are used
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for parking at off hours and traffic during peak hours. In such a case,
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the lane block rule would be scoped to peak hours.
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As with all rule-based properties in the Overture schema, the [rule evaluation algorithm](/schema/concepts/scoping-rules#rule-evaluation-algorithm) must be applied to determine which lane block rule, if any, is
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applicable at a given place and time along the road segment. Once the
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determining rule for a certain scope is known, its rule block defines
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the lane structure within that scope.
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The example below illustrates lane block resolution for two connected
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segments.
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- The blue shaded, or southwesterly, segment is [oriented](/schema/concepts/by-theme/transportation/shape-connectivity#directionality) toward the north-east. It has two geometrically-scoped lane block rules:
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- The first rule, applying to the first two thirds of the
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segment's length, establishes three lanes: one going
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`backward` (SW), and two `forward` (NE).
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- The second rule, applying to the last third of the segment,
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establishes two lanes, one in either direction.
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- The green shaded, or northeasterly, segment is oriented due west. It
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has a single static lane block that applies to the whole segment
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geometry at all times.
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<Tabs>
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<TabItemvalue="diagram"label="Diagram"default>
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<divstyle={{ textAlign: "center" }}>
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<figure>
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<ThemedImage
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alt='A segment with two geometrically-scoped lane blocks connected to a segment oriented in the opposite direction.'
*A segment with two [geometrically-scoped](/schema/concepts/scoping-rules#geometric-scoping-linear-referencing) lane blocks connected to a segment oriented in the opposite direction.*
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🚧 We are developing a segment-level directionality concept similar to [lane directionality](/schema/concepts/by-theme/transportation/roads#lane-directionality) to indicate what travel headings are allowed or prohibited along the segment. This effort is
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🚧 We are developing a segment-level directionality concept to indicate what travel headings are allowed or prohibited along the segment. This effort is
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